Term
| three types of oral mucosa |
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Definition
| lining, masticatory, and specialized |
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Term
| locations of lining mucosa (4) |
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Definition
| lips, cheeks, sublingual areas, and soft palate |
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Term
| locations of masticatory mucosa (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| locations of specialized mucosa |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of epithelium in the oral cavity of humans |
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Definition
1. non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
2. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
3. simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Term
| locations of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity (3) |
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Definition
| sulcular epithelium, alveolar mucosa, and sublingual area |
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Term
| locations of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity (2) |
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Definition
| attached gingiva and hard palate |
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Term
| locations of simple cuboidal epithelium in the oral cavity |
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Definition
| salivary gland intercalated ducts |
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Term
| Epithelial dysplasia epithelium |
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Definition
| keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| What type of epithelium is in blood vessels? What is it called? |
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Definition
| Simple squamous epithelium, called the endothelium |
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Term
| 4 layers of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
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Definition
1. stratum corneum (horny layer)
2. stratum granulosum (granular layer)
3. stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer)
4. stratum basale (basal cell layer) |
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Term
| Alveolar mucosa vs. palatal mucosa epithelium |
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Definition
Alveolar mucosa = non- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Palatal mucosa and gingiva = keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| mucous membrane and underlying periosteum (flap) |
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Term
| Where are the Sharpey's fibers? |
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Definition
| on the PDL, connecting the PDL to bone and cementum |
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Term
| Where is the thinnest portion of the PDL? |
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Definition
| the middle third of the root |
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Term
| What is the origin of inner enamel epithelium? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the origin of dental papilla and dental sac/follicle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What originates from IEE? |
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Definition
ameloblasts (enamel)
junctional epithelium
HERS |
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Term
| What originates from the dental papilla? |
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Definition
odontoblasts (dentin)
pulp cells (pulp) |
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Term
| What originates from the dental follicle / sac? |
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Definition
Osteoblasts (bone)
Cementoblasts (cementum)
Fibroblasts (PDL) |
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Term
|
Definition
Primary epithelial band
Dental lamina and vestibular lamina
Bud stage
Cap Stage
Bell Stage
Apposition |
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Term
| What happens in the bell stage? |
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Definition
histodifferentation: ameloblasts and odontoblasts defined
morphodifferentiation begins: tooth crown assumes its shape |
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Term
| When does tooth eruption begin? |
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Definition
| only AFTER crown formation is complete |
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Term
| Why does eruption continue after occlusal contact? |
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Definition
to increase and maintain facial height throughout life
to compensate for enamel wear |
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Term
| reduced enamel epithelium |
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Definition
when the enamel maturation is completed, the ameloblast layer and the adjacent papillary layer regress and together constitute the REE
REE = ameloblast layer + papillary layer |
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Term
| tooth eruptions begins bone resorption _________ the crown and bone apposition _________ the crown |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Cellular Intrinsic Fiber Cementum
-contains cementocytes in a matrix composed of exclusively intrinsic fiber cementum
-considered a part of reparative cementum (REPAIR, wound healing)
-no role in tooth anchorage |
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Term
|
Definition
acellular extrinsic fibrillar cementum
-well mineralized type I collagen, part of densely packed Sharpey's fibers
-cervical 2/3 of root
-constitutes bulk of cementum (principle tissue of attachment)
-major role in tooth anchorage
-incisors and canines: often AEFC is only one found, extends to apical foramen |
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Term
|
Definition
cellular mixed fibrillar cementum
-apical 1/3 of roots and in furcations
-rate of formation is more rapid
-BOTH intrinsic collagen fibers and extrinsic Sharpeys |
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Term
|
Definition
acellular afibrillar cementum
found as coronal cementum (cervical enamel surface), thickness of 1-15 um
contains no cells / collagen fibers
occurs as spurs extending from AEFC or as isolated patches on the enamel surface close to the CEJ
no regenerative repair |
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Term
| cementum involved in regeneration |
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Definition
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Term
| acellular vs. cellular cementum |
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Definition
acellular (primary): before teeth are in occlusion, cementum WITHOUT cells in matrix, cervical 2/3
cellular (secondary): after teeth are in occlusion, contains cementocytes, less Sharpeys, apical 1/3 and interradicular regions of premolars and molars, faster rate of development (because actively erupting), often absent in single-rooted teeth (not essential for tooth support) |
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Term
| fibrillar vs. afibrillar cementum |
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Definition
fibrillar = well-defined fibrils of type I collagen (radicular surface)
afibrillar = devoid of type I collagen fibrils (overlaps cervical enamel) |
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Term
| extrinsic vs. intrinsic cementum |
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Definition
extrinsic = derived from PDL, perpendicular to surface, tooth anchorage, cervical 2/3
intrinsic = derived from cementoblasts, parallel to root surface, no tooth anchorage, apical 1/3 |
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Term
| Differentiation to get cementum (AEFC) |
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Definition
-Odontoblasts differentiate from dental pulp and make root dentin
-Cementoblasts start making cementum (slow)
-PDL fibroblasts start making fibers, which get entrapped in the newly formed (not yet completely mineralized) cementum --> AEFC
-Cementoblats that produce AEFC differentiate in proximity to advancing root edge |
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Term
| incremental lines in cementum |
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Definition
| AEFC is being deposited slowly (appositional growth) throughout life, forming incremental lines, which can be studied to determine age. However, not a reliable method of doing so. |
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Term
|
Definition
done by (migrating) stem cells and local progenitor cells
--> repair makes CIFC |
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Term
|
Definition
| In some teeth, after at least HALF THE ROOT IS FORMED, a MORE RAPIDLY formed and less mineralized variety of cementum, CIFC, is deposited on the UNMINERALIZED dentin surface near the advancing root edge as for acellular cementum. |
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Term
|
Definition
| as cementum deposition progresses, cementoblasts become entrapped in the extracellular matrix they secrete |
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Term
|
Definition
o: enamel overlaps cementum (60%)
m: enamel meets cementum (30%)
g: gap between enamel and cementum (ouch) (10%) |
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Term
|
Definition
50 um thick at cervical margin, increases as it progresses apically to some 200 um
also thicker distally than medially |
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Term
| Two types of post-eruptive tooth movement |
|
Definition
1. mesial drift: cellular cementum formed on distal surface of root
2. tooth wear (hyper-eruption): cellular cementum formed on apical third of root
result: more cementum, narrower PDL space |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. covers and protects root dentin
2. provides attachment to the PDL fibers to the roots
3. compensates for tooth resoprtion (continuous deposition of cementum throughout the life of the tooth) |
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Term
| Collagen I is the main fiber in hard tissues of mesenchymal origin (3) |
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Definition
1. alveolar bone
2. dentin
3. cementum
not the main fiber in hard tissue of epithelial origin (enamel) |
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Term
|
Definition
A: tooth apex
B: trabecular bone
C: compact bone |
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Term
| 3 mechanisms of bone formation |
|
Definition
1. endochondral
2. intramembranous
3. sutural |
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Term
| endochondral bone formation |
|
Definition
takes place when cartilage is replaced by bone
bones of the cranial base form by this (fine stippling) |
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Term
| intramembranous bone formation |
|
Definition
occurs directly within the mesenchyme
This sequence of events takes place at multiple sites within each bone of the cranial vault, maxilla, body of the mandible, and mid shaft of long bones
bones of the cranial vault and face are formed by this (coarse stippling) |
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Term
| osteoblats, osteocytes, and osteoclasts |
|
Definition
osteoblasts: forming bone (mono nucleated)
osteocytes: entrapped in bone (in lacunae)
osteoclasts: resorbing bone (big guys, multinucleated, ruffled border) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Maxilla: thinner, more cancellous bone
Mandible: thicker (sometimes no trabecular bone), less cancellous bone, almost the entire jaw is comprised of homogenous COMPACT bone |
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Term
|
Definition
-large number of osteocytes per area
-no clear demarcation of lamella or osteons
-less flattened bone lining cells
-woven bone (found in bone healing)
-not as strong as mature bones
-the more rapid the bone formation, the more osteocytes are present per unit volume
-embryonic bone (woven bone) and repair bone) have more osteocytes than lamellar bone |
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Term
| Hydroxyapatite composition in enamel, dentin, cementum, bone |
|
Definition
E > D > B > C
enamel: HA >90% ribbons (R) expand
dentin: HA 67%, uniform small plates
bone: HA 50-60%, uniform small plates
cementum: HA 45-50%, uniform small place |
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|
Term
| hardest calcified matrix in the body |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| enamel regeneration ability |
|
Definition
| cannot renew itself, no power of regeneration |
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Term
|
Definition
| mineralized epithelial tissue while bone and dentin are mineralized connective tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
| forms through a process typical of biomineralization in which specialized cells called ameloblasts fabricate an organic extracellular protein matrix |
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Term
| fundamental morphologic units of enamel |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| enamel formation begins at the early crown stage of tooth development and involves the differentiation of the cells of the IEE first at the tips of the cusp outlines formed in that epithelium |
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|
Term
| oldest enamel in a fully erupted molar |
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Definition
| located at the DEJ underlying a cusp |
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Term
|
Definition
-concentric lines separating thin rods of prisms on cross section in enamel
-represents changes in enamel's growth that are accentuated by disease and nutrition
-width reflects length of stress
-reflect constriction of Tomes' process and increase in interred enamel formation
-none in prenatal enamel |
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Term
|
Definition
| the pits around the long prisms of tooth enamel |
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Term
|
Definition
A: enamel tuft
B: enamel spindle
C: enamel lamella |
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Term
|
Definition
-branched and contain greater concentrations of enamel proteins than the rest of the enamel
-not originated from odontoblasts
-hypomineralized ribbon-like structures that run longitudinally to the tooth axis and extend from the DEJ to 1/3 into enamel
-called "tufts" because they look wavy within enamel microstrcuture |
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|
Term
|
Definition
entrapment of ODONTOBLAST PROCESSES between ameloblasts and during amelogenesis
tiny, when compared to tufts |
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Term
|
Definition
| soft connective tissue that supports the dentin |
|
|
Term
| four distinct histologic zones of pulp |
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Definition
1. odontoplastic zone (at pulp periphery)
2. cell-free zone of Weil beneath the odontoblasts, which is prominent in the coronal pulp
3. a cell-rich zone, where cell density is high (progenitor odontoblasts), which again is seen easily in coronal pulp adjacent to the cell-free zone
4. the pulp core, which is characterized by the major vessels and nerves of pulp |
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|
Term
| In which of the zones of pulp do the sensory fibers terminate? |
|
Definition
in the cell-free zone where they form the subodontoblastic plexus (of Raschkow)
plexus = unmyelinated, free nerve endings |
|
|
Term
| 5 principle cells of the pulp |
|
Definition
1. odontoblasts
2. fibroblasts
3. undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells
4. macrophages
5. other immunocompetent cells |
|
|
Term
| the pulp is a source of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| age-related changes in pulp (6) |
|
Definition
1. size of pulp and root canal decreases as a result of further dentin deposition
2. cell death results in decreased number of cells
3. increase in fibrous matrix
4. less ground substance produced
5. less water content
6. loss and degradation of nerve fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
| dentin tubules containing odontoblast's processes are delimited by a collar of more highly calcified matrix (peritubular dentin) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
circumpulpal dentin = outlines the pulp chamber, most of the tooth
mantle dentin = outermost layer in coronal dentin, differs from the rest of the primary dentin in the way it is mineralized and in the structural interrelation between collagen and non collagen matrix proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reactive or reparative dentin
produced in reaction to various stimuli
produced only by those cells directly affected by the stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-develops after root formation has been completing
-the slower deposition of dentin by odontoblasts
-greater deposition of secondary dentin on the roof and floor of the pulp chamber leads to an asymmetrical REDUCTION in its size and shape |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in the pulp space (reduction in its size and shape) |
|
|
Term
| pulp chambers in children vs. adults |
|
Definition
Children: larger pulp chambers, so greater chance of hitting the pulp in a crown prep or invasion of carious lesions
Adults: the pulp horn recedes due to deposition of secondary dentin, so they don't have this problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fill with calcify material
tubules of secondary dentin sculleries more readily than primary dentin, reduces permeability and protects the pulp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. contour lines of Owen
2. imbrication lines or incremental lines of Von Exner
3. neonatal lines
4. Tomes granular layer (only seen in mineralized ground sections) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disturbances in the mineralization process (dentin) |
|
|
Term
| incremental lines of Von Ebner |
|
Definition
| recurrent dentine deposition, situated about 20 um apart |
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|
Term
| 3 main salivary glands and type |
|
Definition
1. parotid -- purely serous
2. submandibular -- mixed, mostly serous
3. sublingual -- mixed, mostly mucous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only serous cells, spherical |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| only mucous cells, more tubular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serous cells that cap the distal ends of the mucous salivary glands |
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|
Term
|
Definition
small aggregates of unencapsulated mucous or serous glands
in the tongue, they are in intimate contact with the striated muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
palatal: mucous
tongue: mucous
tongue (von Exner of circumvallate papilla): serous |
|
|
Term
| types of ducts from acini to largest |
|
Definition
| acinus --> intercalated --> striated --> excretory --> main excretory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
single layer of columnar
in the INTRAlobular ductal component |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single layer of small cuboidal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the INTERlobular connective tissue |
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