Term
| A person comes in with pain in a muscle. Is this articular or nonarticular? |
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Definition
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| A person comes in with pain in the synovium. Is this articular or nonarticular? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of tissue conducts electrical impulses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of tissue is responsible for muscle action |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to respond to stimulation is the specific muscle property known as |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to respond to continue to contract over a long period of over a range of lenghts is the muscle property known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells are long, cylndrical, and multinucleated. What type of muscle fiber is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells are short, striated, and have intercalcated discs. What type of muscle fiber is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| What system can you most assuredly find smooth muscle tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the process that is occuring at the neuromuscular junction |
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Definition
| Action potential occurs, Calcium enters the presynaptic area, AcH releases and attaches to the motor end plate via receptor, entrance of these allow depolarization occur which Na to enter and cause the depolarizatin of the motor plate which in turn will stimulate action potential of muscle |
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Term
| When action potential travesl through the presynaptic area it goes down to the DHP receptor, what receptor is activated which allows Ca to open through |
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Definition
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Term
| what binds to tripomyocin preventing actin and myosin binding |
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Definition
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Term
| how do we get the cocked position of myosin |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Which twitch fibers have more myoglobin, more oxygen |
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Definition
| Type I, slow twitch fibers |
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Term
| Soleus has more what type of twitch fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of hemicholinium |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of nicotine |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of botulinum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What chain fibers are sensitive to length |
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Definition
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Term
| If I lengthen my muscle what muscle fibers will I use to contract the muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| If I am seeking to do a golgi reflex tendon. what fiber is sought to be inhibited |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does anerobic metabolism need lactate |
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Definition
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Term
| What does aerobic metabolism begin with |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the features of cancer |
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Definition
| cell imortality, invasion, loss of heterozygosity of tumor supressor gene, |
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Term
| Patient comes in with an abscess. Upon lab examination, it is found to be gram +, coagulase +, protein A virulence, what type of organism is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Idiot comes in with a swollen hand. Reports got in a fight a few days ago. The organism is found to be gram negative and rod shape. What organism is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient comes in with symptoms of poyveridin and pyocyanin, he smells like grapes, was foudn to be a gram negative organism and rod shaped. What toxin blocks E2-F from this organism |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient comes in not feeling well. A sulfur granule is found to be upon needle aspiration and observation. What type of organism is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| What virus is highly associated with Burkett's Lymphoma |
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Definition
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Term
| What virus is highly associated with cervical carcinoma |
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Definition
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Term
| What pathway is found to be utilized in dermamyositis |
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Definition
| Complement pathway activation of C3convertase method |
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Term
| Polymyositis will release _____ and ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| how are autoimmune disease initated |
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Definition
| Failure of self tolerance |
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Term
| Where do the T cells mature? |
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Definition
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Term
| 10 year old child comes in with complaint of pain. Tumor on the femur is found. Brown lesions are founnd microscopally. what is the pathology |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient has anulus fibrosis. What type of pathway is responsible for back pain |
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Definition
| Fibroskeletal structure pain |
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Term
| Fibroskeletal structures are innervated by the..... |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient has anulus fibrosis. What type of pathway is responsible for back pain |
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Definition
| Fibroskeletal structure pain |
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Term
| Fibroskeletal structures are innervated by the..... |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| What type of toxicity are we concerned with for those taking Celebrix? |
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Definition
| Cardiac toxicity. It is a type II COX Inhibitor |
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Term
| Lipoxogenase pathway produces what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vascular homeostasis, kidney function, platelett aggregation, and gastic cytoprotection, are all characteristics of what enzyme? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of NSAID would we prefer to use for people with a headache, a fever, and also have had a possible heart condition? (Hint we would inhibit platelett aggregation with this). |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major side effect for Cox-I inhibition? |
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Definition
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Term
| A partial tear of a muscle is considered |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient comes in after a severe collision from playing football. Limitation of range of motion, hematoma is present, disruption of the muscle fibers have occured. What is the pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What type of toxicity are we concerned with for those taking Celebrix? |
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Definition
| Cardiac toxicity. It is a type II COX Inhibitor |
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Term
| Lipoxogenase pathway produces what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vascular homeostasis, kidney function, platelett aggregation, and gastic cytoprotection, are all characteristics of what enzyme? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of NSAID would we prefer to use for people with a headache, a fever, and also have had a possible heart condition? (Hint we would inhibit platelett aggregation with this). |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major side effect for Cox-I inhibition? |
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Definition
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Term
| A partial tear of a muscle is considered |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient comes in after a severe collision from playing football. Limitation of range of motion, hematoma is present, disruption of the muscle fibers have occured. What is the pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| A 24 year old male comes in after being hit with a baseball hat to the head. He comes in 1 month later. there is a large legion that has occured on the side of the head where he has hit. What type of pathology could this most likely be? |
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Definition
| If it's a reactive lesion from trauma, nodular fascitis |
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Term
| A patient comes in with a lesion. It is large, white, and whorlish in appearance. Histologically there are interdigitating fascicles of benign spindle cells. What is the most likely pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 types of fibromatosis? |
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Definition
| Palmar fibromatosis, plantar fibromatosis, and penile fibromatosis |
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Term
| Patient comes in with pain to the thigh just around the knee area. Patient has had a history of cancer previously. Histologically, the tumor around the knee area is sharply demarcated, necrosis and hemmorage is observed microscopically. What is the likely pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| 50 year oldPatient comes in with a soft tissue lump. Reports recently just finished radiation therapy.What is the likely pathology |
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Definition
| Malignant fibrous histiocytoma |
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Term
| This is the most common type of soft tissue tumor. |
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Definition
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Term
| 12 year old child comes in with history of cancer. From a microscopic standpoint. the tumor is well differentiated, rhabdomyoblast is present and large cells with eosonophic cytoplasm striations are observed. WHat is the likely pathology? |
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Definition
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| A 16 year old comes in with joint pain. Upon inspection there is a noted tumor that has metastized within the joint capsule. There is a biphasic pattern histologically and surrounded by a partial pseudocapsule What is the most likely pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the likely pathology if there is a cancer of the uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is also another name for a birthmark for a newborn? |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient comes in with skin issue. Pale, gray fleshly mass without capsule, necrosis and hemmorage is observed histologically. What is the most likely pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a malignant tumor of endothelial cells that have an association with HIV? |
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Definition
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Term
| If I am describing a well marginated radiolucent bone lesion which is suseptible to pathologic fractures, and it is lined by fibrous tissue, giant cells, and even hemoseridid laden macrophages. What is the most likely pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| If I am describing an uncommon, expansile, hyperemic, lesion arising within a bone or on its surface that most frequently occurs in bone formation. What is the likely pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient comes in with a "sunburst" triangle radiialogical pathology. What is the most likely pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient comes in complaining of pelvic pain. Necrosis is detected, hemorrage is detected, specifically in the medullary cavity. Zones of calcification are noted What is the likely pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| A 50 year old patient comes in with complaint of leg pain. Upon histological examination. Blue cells are observed. What is the most likely pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most specific area prone to risk for avascular necrosis |
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Definition
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Term
| If I were to describe a disease that affects multipl arteries, mostly in whites and in men, an area of fibrinoid necrosis what is the most likely pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| This pathology has a mutation on the beta hemaglobin from glutamic acid to valine, at a heterozygotic form it is effective against malaria, 'hand foot syndrome, what is it? |
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Definition
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Term
| For people with sickle cell anemia what organism will play a role in |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 types of Osteogenesis Imperfecta: |
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Definition
Type-I
Type-II
Type-III
Type-IV |
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Term
| A patient comes in with leg pain. Upon X ray, it is observed that the bones are marble shaped and in appearance. The metaphysis and diaphysis are widened giving an erlenmeyer flask appearance as well. Disorganization of bone trabeculae and absence of bone marrow are evident. What is the pathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is defective disorder where there is low activity of bone and low alkine phosphotase |
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Definition
| Defective Mineralization Hypophosphotasia |
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Term
| What are some clinical features of Rickets? |
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Definition
| Rachitic Rosary, Pectus caritanum, Bowing of Legs, |
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Term
| List the characteristics of Paget Disease |
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Definition
| localize usually to the axial skeleton, bones are thickened,burned out phase-abnormal range of lamellar bone, mosiac pattern, lytic lesions,leontasis ossea |
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Term
| The diaphysis is known as the |
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Definition
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Term
| This _____ cartilage is a thin layer of hyaline cartiage that covers the epiphysis wher ethe bone forms a joint with another bone |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two layers of the priosteum |
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Definition
| outer fibrous layer: which is composed of cnnective tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. Inner osteogenic layer: contains elastic fibers, and osteoblasts |
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Term
| The endosteum and medullary cavity are portions of the bone tha tmake up the |
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Definition
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Term
| What are components of compact bone? |
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Definition
| It's just the pathology stupid. ;) no seriously, it contains volkman's canals, haversion canals, lamellae |
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Term
| Where are osteocytes found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the general characteristics of ligaments |
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Definition
| dense bands of fibrous connective tissue which reinforce joint capsules and help keep the bones in a correct alignment, higher % of proteoglycn |
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Term
| List 4 functions at minimal of skeletal function |
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Definition
| Support, protection, movement, acid-base balance, blood formation, electrolyte balance |
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Term
| What are the two methods of bone formation |
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Definition
Intramembranous ossificaiton-which springs from aerolar connective tissue precursor
Endochondral ossificationi-cartilage to modify |
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Term
| What type o f cells help with bone formation |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of intramembranous osiffication |
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Definition
| Ossification center appears in fibrous connective tissue membrane, Bone matrix is secreted within membrane, Woven bone and periosteum form, red marrow appears and bone collar of compact bone forms |
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Term
| BMP re important cytokines known as |
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Definition
| bone morphogenic proteins that are important for for many cancers |
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Term
| What o osteoclasts secrete to destroy type I collagen fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| A patitn comes in with muscle spasm of hand and feet. There is a sign of latent tetany. and induced troussae What type of pathology is this person experiencing? |
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Definition
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Term
| This protein is produced by the thyroid that promotes minierlization and lowers Ca in children |
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Definition
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Term
| What metal can we use that could bond to bone |
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Definition
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Term
| This process is a type of enzymatic linking of sugars to protein to serve as recognition or linkage site of other proteins. What is this process |
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Definition
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Term
| Procollagen forms inside the endoplasmic reticulum. What occurs after it is exported from the cell? |
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Definition
| The N terminal and C terminal propetide are cleaved. Tropocolagen molecules are packed ina staggered pattern. Form in 67 cm band |
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Term
| What is collagen formed from |
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Definition
| Glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline |
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Term
| Why is vitamin C important in the formation of collagen biosynthesis |
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Definition
| it helps build the formatino of hydroxyproline |
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Term
| The tropocollagen brickes are stabilied within collagen fibrils by what mechanisms? |
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Definition
| covalent crosslinks and hydroxyapetite mortar |
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Term
| Osteogenesis imperfecta is usually caused by a mutation that affects which amino acid in collagen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does penicillin specifically target? |
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Definition
| It targets transpeptidase thus preventing the cell wall to be formed |
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Term
| What is a drug choice for MSSA? |
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Definition
| Methicillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin |
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Term
| Penicillin G and Penicillin V are a drug of choice for What type of organism? and what is their preferred method of delivery? |
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Definition
| Strep A. Penicillin G(IV,IM), Penicillin V(oral) |
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Term
| How might we reactivate a Beta lactam penicillin? |
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Definition
| Have a beta-lactamse inhibitor in with it(example: piptazo it) |
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Term
| Explain the differences classication of physeal fractures |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of fracture is when there are only 2 pieces of fragments |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a type of fracture that occurs when there is a repeitive overloading or usage of that bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Youn child comes in with painful lymph node by the ear. Patient denies fall or any traumatic injury. Patient did state was playing with a kitten. Upon microscopic examination the organism is found to be gram negative and rod shaped.Pt remembers it they were scratched What is the organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| A dairy farmer comes in with flu like symptoms. an undullent fever is present. Upn microscopic examination the organism is found to be gram negative coccobacillus. What organism is this and what type of agar wuld we need? |
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Definition
| Brucella, and it is needing a blood agar |
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Term
| Patient comes in with pain. gas gangrene is noted under microscopic infection. Double zone hemolysis is present. alpha toxin is present. hemolysin is present. What is the type of organism we should be concerned with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the virulence factors of streptococcus pyogenes? |
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Definition
| think acronkyme SMASHED(strpolysin S,O, M protein, Against C5A, Streptokinase, hylaurondiase, Exotoxin B, DNase |
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