Term
|
Definition
| virus(es) involved in tumor promotion or cancer causation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RNA viruses using reverse transcriptase enzyme to insert sequence into host DNA (lysogenic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viral replication where viruses immediately go for maximum replication upon infection. Lyses cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Replication where infecting virus incorporates sequence into host cell DNA, followed by occasional activations. |
|
|
Term
| Typical viral structures and components |
|
Definition
| Nucleic acid (either RNA OR DNA), capsid proteins, possibly envelope containing host cell membrane (phospholipids, glycoprotein spikes, proteins, and sterols)and sometimes enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA & RNA, enveloped & non-enveloped, single stranded and double stranded. |
|
|
Term
| Viral host invasion & replication stages |
|
Definition
Adsorption
Penetration
Uncoating
Synthesis
Assembly
Release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Largely determined by binding between viral glycoprotein spikes and host receptor molecules of varying types |
|
|
Term
| Roles of viruses in bacterial virulence |
|
Definition
| Can transmit virulence and pathogenicity factors, as well as antibiotic resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Needs a host! Commonly cell culture, eggs, or animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infectious proteins. Very tough to inactivate. Responsible for CJD and BSE (Mad cow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breaking down compounds for energy vs using energy to build more complicated compounds |
|
|
Term
| Constitutive enzyme production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Regulation of enzyme function
(inhibitors) |
|
Definition
Competitive inhibition - inhibitor competes for the active site
Noncompetitive: inhibitor affects enzyme at location other than active site, usually inducing a conformational change |
|
|
Term
1) Aerobic respiration vs
2) fermentation vs
3) Anaerobic respiration |
|
Definition
Uses oxygen, most ATP per glucose
No oxygen, minimal ATP produced
Alternate electron acceptor to oxygen...sulfur, nitrate, methane or other alternate metabolism. "Less energy than oxygen, but more than fermenting" |
|
|
Term
prokaryote vs
eukaryote gene DNA structure |
|
Definition
circular, maybe plasmids
Usually 1000x as many base pairs, DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DNA-> RNA ->proteins via
RNA transcriptase and ribosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"extra" cytoplasm DNA in prokaryotes
transferred during conjugation
virulence factors, antibiotic resistence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Proteinaceous protein assembly molecule (enzyme). Takes mRNA and assembles proteins from amino acids based on mRNA codons (3 base pairs=an amino acid)
Different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes=Popular antibiotic target. Conserved sequence used in DNA analysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of genes related to a given metabolic process located in neighboring DNA. Regulated together - one transcription event makes mRNA for the whole group. |
|
|
