Term
| the acids that will be used to make the electrophile in this nitration lab |
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Definition
| concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid |
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Term
| mechanism for rxn between nitric and sulfuric acid |
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Definition
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Term
| the electrophile in this lab (nitration) |
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Definition
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Term
| general pathway for nitration of an aromatic ring |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when a ring contains a substituent, this has an effect on where something else is going to add on the ring |
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Term
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Definition
substituents that push electron density into the ring
they direct ortho and para substitution |
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Term
| deactivating substituents |
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Definition
susbtituents that pull electron density away from the ring
they direct meta substitution, except for halogens |
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Term
| some things to stress in this experiment |
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Definition
1: cool everything to 0°C before you add anything
2: after the addition is done, make sure the rxn reaches room temperature
3: pour everything over ice and collect solids by filtration
4: wash with cold water and ice-cold methanol, then dry it
5: recrystallize from methanol, dry, and get mass
6: take HNMR of both starting material and product |
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Term
| the safe way to mix nitric and sulfuric acid |
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Definition
| cool everything to 0°C before using it |
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Term
| the 2 grpoups of substituents on a benzene ring |
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Definition
1: those that direct incoming groups to either ortho or para positions, or both
2: those that direct predominantly meta |
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