Term
|
Definition
| The science of mental processes and behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belief that the mind is a collection of sensory experiences and that study should be focused on mental processes rather than on an explanation of mechanisms underlying those processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belief that mental processes have purpose and that focus of study should be on how the mind adapts those purposes to changing environments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the systematic study and manipulation of observable behavior; also, a branch of psychological thought |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| field of psychology arguing that we have in-born tendencies to structure what we see in particular ways and to structure our perceptions into broad perceptual units. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Birth - 2 years
Coordinate sensations with movements
Object permanence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| field of psychology studying mental processes as forms of information processing, or the ways in which info is stored and operated in our minds. |
|
|
Term
Preoperational Stage
(Paiget) |
|
Definition
2 - 7 years
Symbolic thinking
Egocentrism
Intuitive reasoning – Conservation |
|
|
Term
Concrete Operational Stage
(Paiget) |
|
Definition
7 – 11 years
Operational thinking (e.g., conservation)
Logical thinking in concrete contexts |
|
|
Term
Formal Operational Stage
(Paiget) |
|
Definition
11-15 years
Abstract and idealistic thought
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gradual unfolding of genetic blueprint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In infants, an automatic tendency to grasp an object that stimulates the palm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In response to contact on the cheek, an infant’s tendency to turn toward the stimulus and open its mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Preconventional Level
(Kohlberg) |
|
Definition
| Morality judged in terms of reward and punishment |
|
|
Term
Conventional Level
(Kohlberg) |
|
Definition
| Morality judged in terms of social order and approval |
|
|
Term
Postconventional Level
(Kohlberg) |
|
Definition
| Morality judged in terms of abstract principles, like equality and justice |
|
|
Term
Preconventional Level
(Erickson) |
|
Definition
| Do the right thing because you’ll get in trouble if you don’t |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Action potential: Sudden change in the electrical charge inside the axon
Pores in the neuron (ions) open to allow the positive charge to come in and the negative charge to go out. This shift in electrical charge triggers the axon terminals to release neurotransmitters. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains nucleus that provides energy for the neuron (A) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receive messages from other neurons (B) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carries information away from the cell body (C). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that speeds up the firing of the neuron (E) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gaps on the neuron with no myelin (F) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Controls motor coordination
Helpful in learning things that involve movement (e.g. walking or skiing)part of brain! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Main source of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine—important for arousal and attention
part of brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Brain’s telephone operator—directs messages to the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Helps direct eating, drinking, sex, body temperature, and blood chemistry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Along with the hypothalamus, regulates hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Motivation, reward, and addiction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parietal lobe (top of brain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| higher intellectual thinking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Working memory, morality, mood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contains neurons that register the sensation of touch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hearing, language,learning, and memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The processes by which our sense organs receive information from the environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which physical energy is converted into sensory neural impulses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The processes by which people select, organize, and interpret sensations. |
|
|
Term
| Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision |
|
Definition
Any color can be produced by mixing pure versions of blue, green, and red light in different ratios
There are three types of cones
Each type is most sensitive to particular wavelengths |
|
|
Term
| Opponent-Process Theory of Color Vision |
|
Definition
Visual elements sensitive to color are grouped into three pairs
The members of each pair oppose, or inhibit, each other
Three pairs are red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white
Explains the phenomenon of complimentary colors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The smallest amount of stimulation that can be detected.
(50% of the time) |
|
|
Term
| Just Noticeable Difference |
|
Definition
| (JND)The smallest amount of change in a stimulus that can be detected. |
|
|
Term
| Gestalt principles of form perception |
|
Definition
| figure-ground, proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, and simplicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
