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Nick g
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64
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/15/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Psychology
Definition
The science of mental processes and behaviors
Term
Structuralism
Definition
belief that the mind is a collection of sensory experiences and that study should be focused on mental processes rather than on an explanation of mechanisms underlying those processes
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Functionalism
Definition
belief that mental processes have purpose and that focus of study should be on how the mind adapts those purposes to changing environments.
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Behaviorism
Definition
the systematic study and manipulation of observable behavior; also, a branch of psychological thought
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Gestalt Psychology
Definition
field of psychology arguing that we have in-born tendencies to structure what we see in particular ways and to structure our perceptions into broad perceptual units.
Term
Sensorimotor
(Paiget)
Definition
Birth - 2 years
Coordinate sensations with movements
Object permanence
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cognitive psychology
Definition
field of psychology studying mental processes as forms of information processing, or the ways in which info is stored and operated in our minds.
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Preoperational Stage
(Paiget)
Definition
2 - 7 years
Symbolic thinking
Egocentrism
Intuitive reasoning – Conservation
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Concrete Operational Stage
(Paiget)
Definition
7 – 11 years
Operational thinking (e.g., conservation)
Logical thinking in concrete contexts
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Formal Operational Stage
(Paiget)
Definition
11-15 years
Abstract and idealistic thought
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
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maturation
Definition
gradual unfolding of genetic blueprint
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grasping reflex
Definition
In infants, an automatic tendency to grasp an object that stimulates the palm
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rooting reflex
Definition
In response to contact on the cheek, an infant’s tendency to turn toward the stimulus and open its mouth
Term
moro
Definition
Hugging Motion
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babinski
Definition
Toes Spread Apart
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Preconventional Level
(Kohlberg)
Definition
Morality judged in terms of reward and punishment
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Conventional Level
(Kohlberg)
Definition
Morality judged in terms of social order and approval
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Postconventional Level
(Kohlberg)
Definition
Morality judged in terms of abstract principles, like equality and justice
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Preconventional Level
(Erickson)
Definition
Do the right thing because you’ll get in trouble if you don’t
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Action potential: Sudden change in the electrical charge inside the axon
Pores in the neuron (ions) open to allow the positive charge to come in and the negative charge to go out. This shift in electrical charge triggers the axon terminals to release neurotransmitters.
Definition
How does a cell fire?
Term
Cell Body
Definition
Contains nucleus that provides energy for the neuron (A)
Term
Dendrites
Definition
Receive messages from other neurons (B)
Term
Axon
Definition
Carries information away from the cell body (C).
Term
Myelin Sheath
Definition
A substance that speeds up the firing of the neuron (E)
Term
Nodes of Ranvier
Definition
Gaps on the neuron with no myelin (F)
Term
cerebellum
Definition
Controls motor coordination
Helpful in learning things that involve movement (e.g. walking or skiing)part of brain!
Term
Pons
Definition
Main source of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine—important for arousal and attention
part of brain
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Brain’s telephone operator—directs messages to the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Helps direct eating, drinking, sex, body temperature, and blood chemistry
Term
Pituitary gland
Definition
Along with the hypothalamus, regulates hormones
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Hippocampus
Definition
Memory
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Amygdala
Definition
Fear and aggression
Term
Nucleus accumbens
Definition
Motivation, reward, and addiction
Term
vision
Definition
Occipital lobe
Term
perception of touch
Definition
Parietal lobe (top of brain)
Term
Speech production
Definition
Broca’s area
Term
higher intellectual thinking
Definition
Frontal lobe
Term
Working memory, morality, mood
Definition
Prefrontal cortex
Term
contains neurons that register the sensation of touch
Definition
Somatosensory strip
Term
Hearing, language,learning, and memory
Definition
Temporal Lobe
Term
language comprehension
Definition
Wernicke’s area
Term
Sensation
Definition
The processes by which our sense organs receive information from the environment.
Term
Transduction
Definition
The process by which physical energy is converted into sensory neural impulses.
Term
Perception
Definition
The processes by which people select, organize, and interpret sensations.
Term
Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision
Definition
Any color can be produced by mixing pure versions of blue, green, and red light in different ratios
There are three types of cones
Each type is most sensitive to particular wavelengths
Term
Opponent-Process Theory of Color Vision
Definition
Visual elements sensitive to color are grouped into three pairs
The members of each pair oppose, or inhibit, each other
Three pairs are red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white
Explains the phenomenon of complimentary colors
Term
Absolute Threshold
Definition
The smallest amount of stimulation that can be detected.
(50% of the time)
Term
Just Noticeable Difference
Definition
(JND)The smallest amount of change in a stimulus that can be detected.
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Gestalt principles of form perception
Definition
figure-ground, proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, and simplicity
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