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NHS Equine Science Chapter 1 - 2020
NHS Equine Science Chapter 1 - 2020
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Agriculture
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11/21/2019

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Term
Calvary
Definition
A military force mounted on horseback
Term
Draft
Definition
an animal or team of animals used to pull a load, something is that is drawn or pulled, or the force required to pull.
Term
Eocene epoch
Definition
a division of geological time following the Paleocence and ending about 37 million years ago.
Term
Eophippus
Definition
the earliest known ancestor to the modern horse
Term
evolution
Definition
refers to a process of continuous change from a lower simpler state to higher, more complex state.
Term
gelding
Definition
a castrated male horse
Term
hybrrids
Definition
animals produced from the mating two different breeds
Term
monodactyl
Definition
having a single toe
Term
Morrill Land Grant Act
Definition
federal law beginning 1862 that established land grant institution in each state
Term
mules
Definition
cross between a female horse and a male donkey
Term
Przewalski's horse
Definition
oldest species of horse still in existence
Term
Rodeo
Definition
public event in which the more exciting features of a roundup are presented
Term
Steppes
Definition
Vast Semiarid, grass covered plains as found southeast Europe, Siberia, and Central North Americz
Term
Horse
Definition
A hoofed mammal of the Equidae family
Term
Pony
Definition
a horse with a small mature size usually 58 inches or less
Term
Breed
Definition
A group of horses with common ancestry and/or common characteristics
Term
Feral Horse
Definition
a wild (free-ranging) horse that is the descendant of a domesticated horse
Term
Hand
Definition
a term for measuring a horse height
1 hand = four inches
Term
Mare
Definition
a mature female horse
Term
Stallion
Definition
a mature male horse, that is intact not been castrated
Term
Gelding
Definition
A mature male horse that has been castrated (or "gelded").
Term
Dam
Definition
A horse's female parent
Term
Sire
Definition
A horse's male parent
Term
Foal
Definition
a newborn horse (of either gender)
Term
Yearling
Definition
A horse that is of one year of age (up to two years of age)
Term
Filly
Definition
A young female horee
Term
Colt
Definition
a young male horse
Term
Gait
Definition
The order of how the horses' feet fall when the horse is in motion. Include the walk, trot, canter, and gallop as well as other breed specific gaits.
Term
Tack
Definition
a general term for the equipment used on the horse
Term
Bridle
Definition
a piece of tack that is used for riding. Includes a bit tat goes in the horse's mouth and reins that are held by the rider
Term
Saddle
Definition
A piece of tack that is placed on the horse's back and where the rider sits for riding.
Term
Halter
Definition
A piece of tack that goes on the horse's head and is used for leading or tying
Term
lead shank (lead rope)
Definition
a rope or leather "leash" for leading horses
Term
Black color pattern
Definition
horse with black hair on its body and a black mane and tail
Term
Bay color pattern
Definition
A horse with red or brown hair on it's body and black points it's mane, tail, and lower legs
Term
Chestnut/sorrel color pattern
Definition
A red or brown body color with brown (or red or flaxen) mane and tail
Term
Palomino Color Pattern
Definition
a horse with a golden or yellow color on it's body and light mane and tail
Term
Buckskin color pattern
Definition
A horse with a yellow or beige body color with black points
Term
Gray Color pattern
Definition
a horse with a mix of white and dark hairs over black skin
Term
Dun Color pattern
Definition
A horse with a yellow or beige body, dark mane and tail, and "primitive" markings such as a dorsal stripe or zebra stripes on its legs.
Term
What is the knee of a horse most similar to on a human
Definition
knee
Term
What is the cannon of a horse most similar to on a human
Definition
Long bones in hand (or foot)
Term
What is the fetlock of a horse most similar to on a human
Definition
First knuckle
Term
What is the hoof wall of a horse most similar to on a human
Definition
fingernail
Term
What is the stifle of a horse most similar to on a human
Definition
knee
Term
What is the hock of a horse most similar to on a human
Definition
heel/ankle
Term
True/False The first fossil horse, Eophippus, was about the size of one of today;s donkeys.
Definition
False
Term
True/False: Equus asinus is the scientific name for today's true horse
Definition
False
Term
True/False: Przewalski's horse was discovered as a fossil in 1879
Definition
True
Term
True/False: Prehistoric humans probably hunted and ate horses
Definition
True
Term
True/False: Metal bits were first used about 1810 in England.
Definition
False
Term
Arrange the following geologic time periods from oldest to most recent: Pliocene, Oligocene, Paleocene, and Miocene
Definition
Paleocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene
Term
List four trends documented in the evolution of the horse
Definition
Reduction of toes, increase of size of teeth, lengthening of face, increase in size.
Term
List the following ancestors of today's horse in order of their appearance on Earth: Philohippus, Eohippus, Mesohippus, and Mercyhippus
Definition
Eophippus, Mesohippus, Mercyhippus, Pliohippus
Term
Where and when was Przewalski's horse discovered?
Definition
Mongolia in 1879
Term
Name three horses or horselike animals mentioned in mythology or legend.
Definition
Centaur, Unicorn, Pegasus
Term
Name three horses made famous by movies or television
Definition
Flicka, Black Beauty, Francis
Term
List the scientific name for the horse and three of its close relatives.
Definition
equine: donkey, mule, zebra
Term
Name two factors that caused a decrease in demand for draft horses during the history of the U.S.
Definition
motorized taxis, gasoline powered trucks
Term
Name the zoological kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species for the domestic (true) horse
Definition
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Equidae
Genus: Equus
Species: Equus Caballus
Term
How did horse racing start in the U.S.?
Definition
In Rhode Island as key to improved breeding. The Kentucky Derby started when M. Lewis Clark visited Europe to study their farms and races
Term
Describe how the Romans influenced the use of horses
Definition
Started the cavalry in military conflicts
Term
What 20th Century events have changed how horses are used in this country?
Definition
Growth of heavy industry, increase European immigration
Term
Describe the events during the 19th and early 20th century that caused the number of horses to steadily increase in the U.S.
Definition
Civil War, World War 1, World War II
Term
What effect did the Middle Ages have on the use of the horses?
Definition
They were used for battle and hunting and were largely used in agriculture and farming
Term
Discuss the concept that Spanish conquistadors actually reintroduced to the horse to America
Definition
no horse survived prehistoric times except those that possibly went to Asia over a land bridge
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