Term
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Definition
Onset: 2nd-3rd day of life
- lasts one week
Yellowish-White papules or pustules with erythematous base = erythematous macules with a central papule, vesicle or pustule
- Red base may be as large as 3 cm
- resolves spontaneously |
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Term
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Definition
PEARLY WHITE
- Benign epidermal cysts associated with sebaceous follicle
- 40 % of full term infants have multiple yellow or pearly white 1 mm papules on chin, nose, forehead and cheeks
- disappears in a few weeks |
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Term
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Definition
- BENIGN TRANSIENT MOTTLING OF SKIN
- in normal infant or one w/ cold stress
- VASCULAR RESPONSE TO LOW TEMPERATURES
- stops after a few months (usually) |
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Term
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Definition
Duct connecting pulmonary artery to descending aorta in fetus
- closes w/ rise in O2 (24-48 hrs)
mostly girls, premie, rubella infx |
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Term
| Ductus Arteriosus - sx and effects |
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Definition
- harsh, continuous machinery type murmur
- heard best at 2nd L ICS
- radiates to L clavicle
- hyperactive precordium
- bounding pulses - peripheral
- wide pulse pressure
causes: L->R shunt
increase in pulmonary blood flow (Pul HTN, CHF) |
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Term
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Definition
| -Opening btwn RA and LA -Pressure increase in LA closes FO |
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Term
| Ventricular Septal Defect |
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Definition
MOST FREQUENT HEART DEFECT
Hole btwn ventricular septum |
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Term
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Definition
MURMUR – heard on 2nd or 3rd day
- Left, lower, sternal border – LOUD HARSH PANSYSTOLIC
- might hear it louder at 9 months when it starts closing |
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Term
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Definition
- Transient lesions from obst. Of sweat glands
- common in warm environments
- small erythematous grouped papule on red base
- intertriginous areas of the neck, face, scalp, and upper trunk |
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Term
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Definition
- Salmon patch/ stork bite
- MOST COMMON infant vascular lesion
- flat, dull pink, macular lesion on nape of neck, glabella, forehead, upper eyelids, and nasolabial regions. usually back of neck.
- no tx, fades by 2 y/o |
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Term
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Definition
- Port-wine stain
- AT BIRTH
- purple-red (dark red) flat lesion, usually unilateral
- blanches minimally
- DOES NOT FADE
- associated w/ other conditions (MR, SZ, hemiplegia) sturge-weber, ocular and intracranial involvement
- REFER TO OPTHALMOLOGIST |
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Term
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Definition
- appears w/in a few days to one month as raised pink or red macule, sharply demarcated
- on face
- enlarge during first 6-8 months and then regress spontaneously by 7 years of age (80%) |
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Term
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Definition
- tan macules w/ well-defined borders
- risk if more than 6 OR larger than 3 cm (neurofibromatosis type 1) chance for having it goes up |
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Term
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Definition
- dark blue or purple macular spots
- usually in lumbosacral area (butt)
- present in 90% of asian, aa, and indian infants, 85% of hispanics, and 5-10% of caucasians
- confused w/ bruises from abuse |
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Term
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Definition
- large red, firm, ill defined mass
- resembles a cyst
- located anywhere
- most regress but some require laser therapy
- much bigger than strawberry hemangioma |
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Term
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Definition
- premature closure of suture (asymmetrical skull)
- one side in, the other out
- imaging |
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Term
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Definition
- Collection of blood in subperiosteal area of scalp that does not cross suture lines (more localized)
- birth trauma or forceps
- 5-10% w/ skull fracture
-resolves few weeks to months
- calcifies
- observe for hyperbilirubinemia |
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Term
| Which crosses suture lines, which doesnt? |
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Definition
Cephalhematoma - NO
Caput Succedaneum - YES |
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Term
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Definition
- Diffuse edematous swelling of soft tissue of scalp
- boggy to the touch
- crosses suture lines, arises from vaginal birth trauma
- resolves w/in few days |
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Term
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Definition
shortening of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Kid might not use the other eye, it will affect the rest of his body
Might be a mass there, or just a knot
PHYSICAL THERAPY |
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Term
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Definition
ARM STAYS IN ADDUCTION AND INTERNAL ROTATION AND EXTENSION (WAITERS TIP)
- Erb-Duchenne palsy (90%) - stretch or traction injuries from pulling baby out of vag
- paralyzed arm, Absent bicep reflex, absent or asymmetric moro & tonic reflex, limp wrist
- risk factors: shoulder dystocia, fetal macrosomia, LGA, prolonged and difficult labor, forcems and vacuum, breech |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Management of brachial plexus injury |
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Definition
X-ray of the clavicle & humerus to r/o fx
Refer to orthopedist
PT for passive range of motion and splints (?)
Slow recovery—75%-95%
Spontaneous recovery in 90% of Erb’s palsy |
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Term
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Definition
- first bone to ossify, most frequently fractured (right first)
- risk factors: shoulder dystocia, same as brachial plexus
- erb's palsy can occur
- PE: Pain with shoulder movement
MASS, CREPITUS, Palpable swelling
POINT TENDERNESS, irritability, baby crying?
Callus felt over fracture site within a few days
Spasm of Sternocleidomastoid muscle on affected side
LIMITED ARM MOVEMENT on affected side or absent Moro |
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Term
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Definition
Immobilization of shoulder, if pain
No pain, no treatment |
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Term
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Definition
- INTESTINAL MUSCLES FAIL TO CLOSE AROUND UMBILICUS AREA
- MORE COMMON IN AA
- USUALLY SPONTANEOUSLY CLOSE UP TO FIVE YEARS OF AGE
***ALWAYS PUSH YOUR FINGER IN TO MAKE SURE IT IS REDUCABLE, THEN DOCUMENT IT |
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Term
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Definition
Umbilical Granuloma – little nodule on umbilical area that is super wet, doesn’t smell
*Silver nitrate (use gloves), cup of hydrogen peroxide, dip it in the cup (not too much), take stick out, make sure parents are holding patients hands and arms, then dab it once or twice on nodule |
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Term
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Definition
| - nonunion of two rectus muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| fairly common congenital defect, urethra is below the shaft |
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Term
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Definition
| turn down the light and shine light on scrotum. See orange glow |
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Term
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Definition
Forefoot supinated and adducted
Forefoot deviated medially |
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Term
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Definition
Entire foot: plantar flexion
Hindfoot: fixed inversion
Forefoot: adductus deformity
**club foot |
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Term
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Definition
First 24 hours of life
ABO or Rh incompatibility
Pathologic condition of liver |
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Term
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Definition
After 24 hours of life
6-7 % of normal newborns
Increased rate of hemolysis
Immaturity of bilirubin conjugation
Sluggish excretion of bilirubin
Increases at a rate of less than 5 mg/dl/day
Peaks at 13 mg/dl
Does not persist beyond one week |
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Term
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Definition
Early or breastfeeding jaundice or starvation jaundice
2-4 days of life
infrequent feeding (mom is tired, doesn’t feed baby at night)
insufficient intake
Late
4-7 days after birth—peaks 10-15 days and frequently persists
still no agreement on cause but the effect is enhanced absorption of unconjugated bilirubin 5-28 days |
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Term
| Hyperbilirubinemia: risk factors |
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Definition
Predischarge TSB or TcB level in the high-risk zone
Jaundice observed in the first 24 h
Blood group incompatibility with positive direct antiglobulin test, other known hemolytic disease (eg, G6PD deficiency),
Gestational age 35–36 wk
Previous sibling received phototherapy
Cephalohematoma or significant bruising
Exclusive breastfeeding, particularly if nursing is not going well and weight loss is excessive
East Asian race |
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Term
| Common Teratogenic Drugs (7) |
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Definition
| o Alcohol, Coumadin (hypoplastic nasal), Accutane and Vit A (CHD facial and ear), Methyl Mercury (Microcephaly), Dilantin (IUGR, facies, nail), Streptomycin (deafness), Tetracycline (enamel hypoplasia) |
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Term
| Positional Skull Deformities |
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Definition
o Deformational Plagiocephaly
o Prevention: alternate supine head position, change orientation of infant, tummy time when awake
o After 3 months, HAVE TUMMY TIME, when the baby is awake for about 15 min. (reversible if they try early enough)
o Positional modeling – contralateral occipital bossing, flattening, ipsilateral ear displaced anteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
o Same-sided ear (ipsilateral) posterior and inferior
o Mastoid prominent – u can actually see mastoid bone
o Premature closure of sutures
o Skull x rays – if you have concerns
o Management: prevention, education, skull molding helmets for severe |
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