Shared Flashcard Set

Details

New
New
24
Education
Not Applicable
12/03/2012

Additional Education Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Population (151; also Ch. 13, 393)
Definition
group of individuals who have the same characteristics
Term

 

Target population (152)

 

Definition
aka sampling frame: a group of individuals (or a group of organizations) with some common defining characteristic that the researcher can identify
Term
Sample (152)
Definition
a subgroup of the target population that the researchers then select a sample for study
Term
simple random samping (153)
Definition

the reseacher selects participants (or units, such as schools) for the sample so that any individual has an equal probability of being selectd from the population

must have a Random Numbers Table

Term
systematic sampling
Definition
you choose every nth individual or site in the population until you reach your desired sample size
Term
stratifies sampling (154)
Definition
reseachers divide (stratify) the population on some specific characteristic (e.g. gender) and then using simple random sampling, sample from each subgroup (stratum) of the population (e.g., females and males)
Term
multistage cluster sampling (155)
Definition
the researcher chooses a sample in two or more stages because either the researchers cannot easily identify the population or the population is extremely large
Term
nonprobability sampling (155)
Definition
the researcher selects individuals because they are available, convenient and represent some characteristics the investigator seeks to study
Term
convenience sampling
Definition
resarcher selects participants bc they are willing and available to be studied
Term
snowball sampling
Definition
the researcher asks participants to identify other to become members of the sample
Term
sample error
Definition
the difference between the sample estimate and the true population score
Term
instrument, (161)
Definition
a tool for measuring, observing or documenting quantitative data. Identified before the researchers collect datea, the instrument may be a test, questionnaire, tally sheet, log, observational checklist, inventory, or assessment instrument
Term
choosing and modifying an instrument (167-169)
Definition

locating and existing instrument, obtaining permission to change it, and making changes in it to firt your requirments

developing steps: indentifying the purpose of the instrument, reviewing the literature, writing the questions, and testing the questions with individuals similar to those you plan to study (validating an instrument)

Term
instrument reliability
Definition
score from the instrument are stable and consistent
Term
validity (169, 172-74)
Definition
the individual's socres from an instrument make sense, are meaningful and enable you, as the researcher to draw good conclusions from the sample you are studying to the population
Term
nominal scales (categorical scales)
Definition

provide response options where participants check one or more categories that describe their traits, attributes or characteristics

gender

yes, no response list

Term
semantic differential scale
Definition
bipolar adjectives that the participant uses to check his or her position (teenagers record their mood: alert vs. drowsy)
Term
ordinal scales (ranking scales or categorical scales)
Definition
provide response options where participants rank from best or most important to worst or least important some trait, attribute or characteristic, information is categorical in a ranked order
Term
interval scales (rating scales or continuous scales)
Definition
provide continuous response options to questions with assumed equal distances between options (ie Likert scale)
Term
descriptive statistics (190)
Definition
indicate general tendencies in the data, spread the scores, or a comparison of how one score relates to all the others
Term
measures of central tendancy
Definition

mean - average

median - middle of a set of scores

mode - the most frequently occurring score

Term
measures of variability
Definition

range - the difference between the highest and lowest scores to items on an instrument

variance - indicates the dispertion of scores around the mean

standard deviation - 66%

Supporting users have an ad free experience!