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| Jewish or Christian writing.revelation of heavenly secrets. emphasizing Gods control over the course of history |
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| belief that god would soon transform the present time of evil and suffering into a new age of peace and joy |
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| elimination of a barrier separating God and humanity |
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| Fertile Cresent in the 6th century BCE |
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| overseer; a specific church office |
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| James, Jude, 1-2 Peter; universal appeal;without strong specific church context |
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| not intended for a specific community |
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| formal organization and practice of worship |
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| annual holy day; holiest day on the Jewish calendar; Yom Kippur |
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| server; a specific church office |
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| letters that are believed not to have been written by Paul |
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| issues related to the church |
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| am appointed leader of the early church |
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| religious devotion to the emperor; challenged the monotheistic principles of ancient Christians. |
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1. Son of Zebedee, brother of John; one of the twelve.
2. son of Alphaeus, one of the 12.
3. brother of Jesus |
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Jews who remained fully obedient to the Torah, including the food and purity laws and believed in Jesus Christ.
James is concidered a Jewish Christian context. |
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| Gospel of John; 1-2 John and Revelation |
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| self-identified author of Revelation |
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| brother of Jesus; writer of the book of Jude |
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| anointed one; anointed by God; |
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| the writing of God's law upon the hearts of the people |
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| presence, coming, designation for Christs return in the form of savior and judge |
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| scholarly name for 1-2 Timothy and Titus |
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| Pauline letters (disputed) |
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| Ephesians, colossians, 2 thessalonians, 1-2 Timothy and Titus |
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| Pauline letters (undisputed) |
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| Roman, 1 corinthians,galatians, philippians, 1 thessalonians and philemon |
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| one of Jesus' disciples; writer of 1-2 Peter |
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| religious functionary set apart to oversee aspects of the temple cult and mediate between God and the people |
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| a formal gathering of anciet Jews |
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| large portable tent-like shrine |
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| a place of worship through culitc observances |
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| an associate and disciple of Paul |
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| an associate and disciple of Paul |
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| Law; the fist division of the Hebrew Bible. |
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| Matthew and Mark have two common sources - Mark; and a hypothetical source Q |
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| circumstances behind the writing of Revelation |
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| Roman persecution under Nero and Domitian; churches becoming lukewarm |
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to awaken Christians to God's sovereignty and coming intervention.
comforting those suffering
promising punishment for their persecutors
warning those who are lukewarm
encouraging perseverance for all believers
directing believers to the One who alone is worthy to be worshipped. |
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| Why scholars question the authorship of certian Pauline letters |
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| because pseudonymous writing was common, camparative analysis can yeild evidence that a document might be pseudonymous, differences in writing style/vocabulary faith and righteousness in 1 Timothy, differences in specifi arguments,more conservative stance towards women in diputed letters, emphasis on resurrected God. |
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| counsel from Paul to Timothy, dangers of false teachings, criteria for the offices of the church leadership to ensure proper teaching (a well managed household) |
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| from imprisioned Paul. lifts up pauls Christ-like endurance through suffering as a model for Christian life, a crown reserved for those who endure |
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| Paul to Titus in Crete.same as 1 Timothy, church order to ensure correct teaching, household code. stresses good works in order to prevent division in the church. |
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| Themes/arguments in 1 Timothy |
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Timothy's authority and pastoral duties, importance of sound teaching to avoid false prophets. need for well qualified leaders in the church. DO NOT ordain anyone hastily.
well run household. roles for men and women, provisions for qualified widows, relationship between slaves and masters, being content with what you have, do not love money. |
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| Themes/arguments os 2 Timothy |
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Paul - suffers, been abandoned,anticipates death and crown/life.
Timothy - remain strong despite Pauls suffering, share in Christs and Pauls suffering, exemplify and foster maturity in faith while shunning and avoiding immoral behavior, so that everyone who belongs to God may be porficient, equipped for every good work, teach soundly, correcting falsity |
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| Themes/arguments of Hebrews |
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Jesus is the definitive revelation of God,agent of creation,reflection of God's glory, exact imprint of God's being. Superior to angles, Son of God. The exaltation of humans through Jesus.
Jesus is the heavenly high priest who brings atoinment.
Jesus himself is the atoning sacrifice.
The current benefits of the atonement achieved in Christ -we can enter boldly into God's presence, anticipation our final "rest", promised to the people of Israel was achieved by Jesus so that Christians may know that their own perseverance is worthwhile. |
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| Themes/arguments of James |
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Spiritual maturity through testing
Being doers of the word by perfecting the law.
Taking care of the poor and powerless.
Faith without works if false faith.
False confidence associated with riches.
The higher standards for teachers/dangers of the tongue.
Moral purity and prayer while waiting for Christ, patience and honesty, prayers for the sick, confessing sins to one another, rescuing wanderers. |
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| Apparent contradiction between Paul and James and why it really is not a contridiction. |
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Paul - we know that a person is justified not by work of the law but through faith in Jesus Christ.
James - you see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone.
Paul sees works as inevitable result of faith, the markers of appropriate Christian behavior.
James sees works as any attempt to earn one's justification, which can only come by faith/trust. |
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