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| from the Greek term baptizo, an initiation rite in early Christianity |
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| leaders of the priests in the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, many of whom were actively involved in the Sanhedrin |
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| a literary genre consisting of a narrative of an individual's life, principally for purposes of instruction, exhortation, or propaganda |
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| literally means "anointed one," equivalent to Hebrew "messiah." In first century CE, there was a wide range of expectations about whom this anointed one would be and what he would do. |
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| From a Greek word meaning "suffering," used as a technical term to refer to the traditions of Jesus' last days, up to and including his crucifixion. |
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| A Jewish designation for a non-Jew |
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| In most Greco-Roman circles, the designation of a person born to a god, able to perform miraculous deeds and/or to convey superhuman teachings; in Jewish circles, the esignation of persons chosen to stand in a special relationship with the God of Israel, including the ancient Jewish Kings |
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| A term whose meaning is much disputed among modern scholars, used in some ancient apocalyptic texts to refer to a cosmic judge sent from heaven at the end of time |
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A possible solution to the "Synoptic Problem" which maintains that there are four sources that lie behind the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke:
(1) Mark was the source for much of the narrative of Matthew and Luke; (2)Q was the source for the sayings found in Matthew and Luke but not in Mark; (3) M provided the material found only in Matthew's Gospel; (4) L provided the material found only in Luke |
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| The study of how authors modified or edited their sources in view of their own vested interests and concerns |
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| The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, which narrate so many of the same stores that they can be placed side by side in parallel columns and so "be seen together" |
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| The problem of explaining the similarities and differences between the three Synoptic Gospels |
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| A Latin word meaning, literally, "blessings," used as a technical term for the sayings of Jesus that being the Sermon on the Mount |
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| A literary device used in the Gospel of Matthew in which the author states that something experienced or done by Jesus "fulfilled" what was spoken of by a Hebrew prophet in Scripture |
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| The sermon found only in Matthew 5-7, which preserves many of the best-known sayings of Jesus (including Matthew's form of the beatitudes, the antitheses, and the Lord's Prayer) |
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| "most revered emperor," title assumed by Octavian, the first Roman emperor, 27 BCE-14CE |
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| a method used to study a literary text by noting its similarities to and differences from other, related, texts, whether or not any of these texts was used as a source for the text in question |
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| Ruler of all Galilee, Samaria, and Judea (and so, "King of the Jews") from 40-4 BCE; this Herod was allegedly ruling when Jesus was born, and is known in Christian history for killing all the baby boys of Bethlehem in an attempt to destroy the infant Jesus (based on the account in Matthew) |
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| literary-historical method |
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| a method used to study a literary text by asking how its genre text functioned in its historical context and by exploring, then, its historical meaning (i.e., seeing how its meaning would have been understood to its earliest readers) in light of its literary characteristics |
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