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New Media
Journalism 201
24
Journalism
Undergraduate 1
12/02/2010

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Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
1740-1900 in England
Urbanization occurred, creating more jobs in the cities for farmers.
Increase of machine-driven and factory production.
NEED FOR INFORMATION for the masses: which lead to human institutions like bureaucracies.
Term
Start of information revolution
Herman Hollerith
Definition
Created a tabulating machine called census: it helped organize information (1890s) punch card system (binary).
Term
What is the Tabulating Machine Company
Definition
Created by the information revolution, Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine called census, would keep track of how many people went to work through the punch card system.
Term
What is a machine?
Definition
non-living thing that mimics human capabilities.
human finger nails = knife
fantasy of flying = plane
Term
Allen Turing Test
Definition
Turing Test states that if it is a machine that fools you into believe it's human, then the machine can think.
Term
Clause Shannon and his Information Theory:
How did it work with statements?
Definition
was possible to build electrical circuits equivalent to expressions in Boolean algebra.
The circuit would establish a connection if the statement was true, and break the connection if the statement was false.
Term
Bit or binary signal
Definition
a signal that can carry one of two different messages.

EX: tic-tac-toe machine the two classes are "current flowing" and "no current flowing" or 1 and 0 (true or false)
Term
What is digitization?
Advantages?
Definition
Computers allow for translation of ANY kind of information:
verbal
pictorial
sound
:all into digital.
Advantages:perfect copying, preservation, instant transmission, manipulation (cut and paste, photoshop)
Term
First purposed computer was...
Definition
ENIAC created by Mauchly and Eckert in 1946. At University of Pennsylvania.
Weighted 30 tons.
Term
1964 IBM released...
1981 IBM released...
Definition
...its 360/770 mainframe.
Soon it dominated the industry.
...they released a PC
Term
Ed Roberts 1975 built...
Definition
first small computer called Altair--> model for Apple
Term
1984 Apple launched what type of computer...
Definition
Macintosh!
1st user friendly computer based on interface technology developed by Xerox
Term
Who invented connecting computers aka web browsing?
Definition
The Military
Term
Birth of the internet and original name of the internet.
Definition
Second great revolution to connect computers.
Advanced Research Project Agency network (ARPANET)now internet!
Term
Functions of networks
Definition
connect internet.
Network to network = faster internet.
Term
World Wide Web creator, function and consequences:
Definition
Tim Berners-lee
System of linking hyper text documents via web.
Consequences: social media (facebook)
collective intelligence (wikis)
participatory culture (youtube)
Term
Intel
American Global technology company.
Definition
Invented the microprocessor, which is found in most PC’s or personal computers. Microprocessor use binary coded decimal arithmetic to code information
Term
Who was Ted Hoff? Who did he work for?
What did he create?
Definition
Ted Hoff was the inventor of the microprocessor for Intel.
He invented it in 1971 for Intel's PC's
Term
Vinton 'Vint' Cerf and Bob Kahn are the fathers of what technology?
Definition
The internet. Both are American computer scientist that helped create the internet.
Term
How is TCP/IP related to computers? What is it?
Who created it?
Definition
It is a description framework for computer network protocols.
Created by DARPA (U.S. Department of Defense) in 1970s
Term
What is Usenet?
Definition
is a worldwide distributed Internet discussion system.
Term
Bitnet: first link was between City University of NY and Yale betwwen creators Ira Fuchs and Greydon Freeman.

What is bitnet like?
Definition
From a technical point of view, BITNET differed from the Internet in that it was a point-to-point "store and forward" network. That is, e-mail messages and files were transmitted in their entirety from one server to the next until reaching their destination. From this perspective, BITNET was more like Usenet.
Term
Who was the Homebrew Computer Company?
Definition
They were a group of electronic enthusiasts that wanted to make computer more accessible for people.
Term
What is LAN? (Local Area network)
Definition
a computer network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory or office building.
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