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Neurotransmitters and Hormones
Types and Functions
20
Psychology
12th Grade
05/01/2012

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Cards

Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
Generally excitatory; causes neurons to fire at synapses between nerves and muscles; involved in memory formation; deficiencies connected to paralysis and Alzheimer's disease
Term
Dopamine
Definition
Inhibitory; involved in voluntary movements, learning and memory, and emotional response. overabundance is connected with schizophrenia; deficiency is connected with Parkinson's disease. Also known as the "pleasure" neurotransmitter.
Term
Noradrenaline
Definition
Excitatory; is both neurotransmitter and hormone; speeds up body processes and is involved in arousal, learning and memory, and eating. Imbalances are connected to mood disorders.
Term
Serotonin
Definition
Inhibitory; involved in emotional arousal, mood, sleep, and eating. Deficiencies have been linked to depression, aggression, eating disorders, and insomnia
Term
Endorphins
Definition
Inhibitory; inhibits pain-the brain's natural opiate. May increase self-confidence and be linked to "runner's high."
Term
Growth hormone
Definition
Causes growth of muscle, bones, and glands; secreted by anterior pituitary
Term
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
Definition
regulates adrenal cortex; secreted by anterior pituitary
Term
Thyrotropin
Definition
Causes thyroid gland to release thyroxin; secreted by anterior pituitary
Term
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Definition
Causes formation of sperm and egg cells; secreted by anterior pituitary
Term
Leutinizing hormone
Definition
Causes ovulation, maturation of sperm and egg cells; secreted by anterior pituitary
Term
Prolactin
Definition
Stimulates production of milk; secreted by posterior pituitary
Term
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Definition
Inhibits production of urine; secreted by posterior pituitary
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and ejection of milk during nursing; secreted by posterior pituitary
Term
Insulin
Definition
Enables body to metabolize sugar; regulates storage of fats; secreted by pancreas
Term
Thyroxin
Definition
Secreted by thyroid; increase metabolic rate
Term
Steroids (cortisol)
Definition
Increase resistance to stress; regulates carbohydrate metabolism; secreted by adrenal cortex
Term
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Definition
Increases metabolic activity (heart rate and respiration rate, blood sugar level); secreted by medulla
Term
Testosterone
Definition
Promotes development of male sex characteristics; secreted by testes
Term
Estrogen
Definition
Regulates menstrual cycle; promotes development of female sex characteristics; secreted by ovaries
Term
Progesterone
Definition
Promotes development of uterine lining to maintain pregnancy; secreted by ovaries
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