Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
15-24 years old
and over 75 years old |
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Term
| T/F: males are two times more likely to sustain a TBI |
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Definition
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Term
| intracranial bleeding into the epidural space between the skull and the dura mater; most common site is the temporal bone; middle meningeal artery |
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Definition
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Term
| the bleeding into the subdural space between the dura mater and the arachnoid, caused by the rupture of the bridging veins that cross the subdural space; most common type of hematoma; found around the top and sides of the head; associated with contusions nd intracerebral hematomas |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of subdural hematomas |
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Definition
acute subdural hematoma
subacute subdural hematoma
chronic subdural hematoma |
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Term
| single or multiple lesions deep within the brain tissue; most commonly occur in frontal and temporal lobes; they develop deep within the hemispheres from contused areas that run together and are surrounded by edema |
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Definition
| Intercerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) |
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Term
| Bleeding into the subarachnoid space; associated with cerebral vasospasm and hydrocelphalus |
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Definition
| traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) |
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Term
| bruising of the brain; CT Scan; Symptoms depend on size and location; treatment involves relieving IICP |
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Definition
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Term
| temporary disruption of the brain without structural abnormality; CT scan; symptoms may involve brief loss of consciousness, amnesia, headache, dizziness, and/or nausea; treatment includes monitoring the patient |
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Definition
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Term
| defined as a traumatic injury to the brain that is capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social and vocational changes |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: TBI's can be classified as blunt injuries or penetrating injuries |
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Definition
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Term
| injuries that occur when the head hits an immovable object |
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Definition
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Term
| injuries that occur when moving object hits the head |
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Definition
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Term
| injuries that occur when the head is hit with a moving object and hits an immovable object, moving the brain within the cranium |
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Definition
| acceleration-deceleration forces |
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Term
| movement of the brain in a side-to-side twisting motion inside the cranium, which often occurs with acceleration-deceleration forces |
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Definition
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Term
| injuries that occur due to direct blows to the head that change the shape of the head (Little Nicky) |
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Definition
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Term
| injuries caused by nail/air guns, gunshot wounds, stab wounds, and other types of impalement injuries |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: gunshot wounds are the most lethal of all injuries to the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| a focal cerebral injury directly under the area of impact is called a ____________ injury |
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Definition
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Term
| a cerebral injury that happens opposite the point of impact is called a ____________ injury (brain is bounced around) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Initial TBI trauma assessment |
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Definition
A- airway: protect cervical spine
B- breathing: oxygen
C- circulation: blood pressure
D- disability: glasgow coma scale |
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Term
| t/f: if below 9 on glasgow coma scale, intubate the patient using rapid sequence intubation protocol |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: paramedics keep the head strapped until after xray to prevent SCI |
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Definition
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Term
glasgow coma scale:
Eye response |
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Definition
4- spontaneous
3- to verbal command
2- to pain
1- no response |
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Term
glasgow coma scale:
Motor response |
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Definition
6- to verbal command
5- to localized pain
4- flexes and withdraws
3- flexes abnormally
2- extends abnormally
1- no response |
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Term
glasgow coma scale:
Verbal response |
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Definition
5- oriented, converses
4- disoriented, converses
3- uses inappropriate words
2- makes incomprehensible sounds
1- no response |
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Term
| (HYPER/HYPO)-tonic saline pulls fluid out of cells |
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Definition
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Term
| removes a section of the skull; skull stored in abdomen or tissue bank; reimplantation 3-6 months later |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: treat ICP if 20-25 mm Hg |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular drainage; hyperventilation |
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Term
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Definition
| pulls fluid out, reduces overall brain volume, adequate fluid resuscitation; uses hypertonic saline |
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Term
| High-dose barbiturate therapy goal |
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Definition
| decrease ICP and cerebral metabolic rate |
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Term
| postconcussive syndrome symptoms |
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Definition
| headache, dizzyness, irritability, emotionl lability, fatigue, poor concentration, decreased attention span, memory difficulties, and intellectual dysfunction; these symptoms may occur from 1 week-1 year after the initial injury |
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Term
| t/f: concussions are considered mild TBI |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: moderate-severe brain injury usually results in a cerebral contusion |
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Definition
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Term
| prolonged period of unconsciousness; the deepest form of unconsciousness and is a symptomatic response to an underlying cause; very serious and often fatal |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: contusion patients have the head of the bed 30 degrees elevated and the room darkened and quiet to reduce stimulation |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 main types of hematomas |
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Definition
| epidural, subdural, and intracerebral |
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Term
| a break in the continuity of the skull |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: intracranial lesions occur in 2/3 of skull fractures |
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Definition
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Term
| most common type of skull fracture; from point of impact toward base of the skull; may develop hematoma |
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Definition
| linear (simple) skull fracture |
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Term
| t/f: comminuted and depressed skull fractures increase the risk of damage to brain tissue and the risk of infection if the skin is lacerated or the dura mater is torn |
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Definition
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Term
| skull fracture at the base of the skull; raccoon eyes; CSF leakage from ears and nose |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: basilar skull fracture always requires surgery |
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Definition
false!
only if CSF leaking |
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Term
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Definition
| drug used to reduce cerebral edema |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| injury that results from vertebral injuries, which usually occur due to accelertion, deceleration or deformation forces most frequently applied at a distance. |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: Damage occurs to the vertebral or neural tissues by compressing the tissues, pulling or exerting a traction or tension on the tissues, or shearing tissues so that they slide into one another. |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: forces may be exerted on the vertebral and neural tissues of the spinal cord via hyperextension, hyperflexion, vertical compression, or rotation of the spine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| head bent all the way back |
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Term
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Definition
| compression forces that cause the vertebral colum to squeeze the spinal cord |
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Term
| SCI's occur most commonly in these ages |
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Definition
| Most commonly Males 16-30 years old |
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Term
| t/f: sci's most commonly occur in the cervical lumbar regions |
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Definition
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Term
| (COMPLETE or INCOMPLETE) motor and sensory pathways completely interrupted (transected) |
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Definition
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Term
| (COMPLETE or INCOMPLETE) pathways only partially interrupted; variable loss of function; further classified into syndromes |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: if vertebrae is fractured, bone fragments can cause damage to spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| complete or partial paralysis of the upper extremities and complete paralysis of the lower part of the body. also known as quadriplegia; high cervical injuries |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of one half of the body when it is divided along the median sagittal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of the lower part of the body; thoracic level injuries |
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Term
| t/f: norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and histamine cause vasospasm |
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Definition
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Term
| temporary loss of reflex function |
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Definition
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Term
| the temporary loss of reflex activity below the level of the spinal cord injury; occurs within 30-60 min after a complete SCI; there is a loss of motor function, sensation, spinal reflexes, and autonomic function; lasts for 1-6 weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| an exaggerated sympathetic response in spinal cord injuries at or above the T6 level; may occur at any time after spinal shock resolves and is a medical emergency that must receive immediate treatment or it may result in seizures, a cerebrovascular accident, or death; it is triggered by a full bladder or fecal impaction resulting in a hypertensive crisis (systolic bp goes up to 300 mm Hg) (Heart rate of 30-40 bpm) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: in autonomic dysreflexia, the skin above the injury is pale and cool, and below the injury it is flushed, dry and hot |
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Definition
FALSE!!!
above= flushed, hot and dry
below= pale and cool |
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Term
| t/f: autonomic dysreflexi is triggered by any nauseous stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: if autonomic dysreflexia occurs the head of the bed should be elevated 45 degrees to lower bp and antihypertensive meds should be administered as ordered; usually emptying the bladder or bowel relieves the response |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| bladder that does not empty |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| baclofen and dantrolene sodium, Flexeril, Norflex |
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Term
| pins to the skull and weights attached to the device |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: herniated disk can occur anywhere except thoracic; very uncommon |
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Definition
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Term
| removal of part of the vertebral lamina; done to relieve pressure on nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| removal of nucleus pulposus of an intervertebral disk (alone or with laminectomy) |
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Definition
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Term
| insertion of a wedge-shaped piece of bone or bone chips between vertebrae to stabilize them |
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Definition
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Term
| enlargement of the opening between the disk and the facet joint |
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Definition
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Term
| injection of enzyme chymopapain into nucleus pulposus; decreases the size of herniation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| growths within the cranium |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| originate some place out side of the brain |
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Term
| t/f: burr hole may facilitate evacuation of clot in brain; series for craniotomy |
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Definition
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Term
| surgical opening into cranial cavity; used to cut between holes; tumor excised and bone flap turned down; supratentorial/infratentorial |
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Definition
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Term
| plastic repair to skull in which synthetic material is inserted to replace cranial bone |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: spinal cord tumors are rare |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: spinal cord tumors rarely occur in older adults |
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Definition
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Term
| (INTRA/EXTRA)-medullary spinal cord tumors arise from within neural tissue of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| (INTRA/EXTRA)-medullary spinal cord tumors arise from tissues outside the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| consequences of spinal cord injuries: C1-C3 |
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Definition
| paralysis below neck, impaired breathing, bowel and bladder incontinence, sexual dysfunction; no sensation below neck |
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Term
| consequences of spinal cord injuries: C4-C5 |
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Definition
| shoulder elevation possible; ventilation support required; no sensation below clavicle |
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Term
| consequences of spinal cord injuries: C6-C8 |
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Definition
| some elbow, upper arm, and wrist movement; can do diaphragmatic breathing; some sensation in arms and thumb; sensation in chest impaired |
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Term
| consequences of spinl cord injuries: T1-T6 |
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Definition
| paralysis below waist; control of hands; abdominal breathing; no sensation below midchest |
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Term
| consequences of spinal cord injuries: T7-T12 |
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Definition
| varying degrees of trunk and abdominal control; varying degrees of sensation below waist |
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Term
| consequences of spinal cord injuries: L1-L2 |
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Definition
| hip adduction impaired; no sensation below lower abdomen; some sensation in inner thighs |
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Term
| consequences of spinal cord injuries: L3-L5 |
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Definition
| knee and ankle movement impaired; no sensation below upper thighs |
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Term
| consequences of spinal cord injuries: S1-S5 |
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Definition
| varying degrees of bowel/bladder control and sexual function; no sensation in perineum |
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Term
| manifestations of frontal lobe tumors that led to lobotomies |
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Definition
| inappropriate behavior, personality changes, impaired judgement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| disturbnces in coordination and equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
| endocrine dysfunction; visual deficits; headache |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory deficits; paresthesia; loss of two-point discrimination; visual field deficits |
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Term
| a sensation of tingling, tickling, prickling, pricking, or burning of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect |
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Definition
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Term
| brain tumor that originates from neuroglia and invade brain tissue; most common type of brain tumor |
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Definition
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Term
| tumors arising from the supporting structures of the nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most malignant form of an intracerebral tumor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tumor that develops from lining of ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| slow growing; rare; may be encapsulated; benign |
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Term
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Definition
| fast growing and malignant; found in cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| slow growing; develops in meninges (especially dura mater); firm and encapsulated |
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Term
| acoustic neuroma (neurofibromatosis) |
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Definition
| slow growing; benign; originates from Schwann cells of the cranial nerve XIII; may also affect cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X; genetic origin due to autosomal dominant mendelian trait; firm; encapsulated lesions attached to nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| vascular tumor; slow growing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solid or cystic tumor; compresses pituitary gland; presses on the third ventricle and may cause blockage of CSF |
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Term
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Definition
| account for most pituitary tumors; nonsecreting; slow growing |
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Term
| t/f: pituitary tumors are harder to "get at" |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secreting tumors that produce growth hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| secreting tumors that produce adrenocorticotropic hormone; fast growing |
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