Term
| Imaging Technique that provides Detailed images of soft tissue; better definition of mass lesions, better visualization of posterior fossa and brainstem, and increased ability to detect subtle changes; slower process; can be used with/without contrast; cannot be used with pace maker, insulin pump, TENS, spinal cord stimulators, cochlear implants, staples, penile implants |
|
Definition
| MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
|
|
Term
| Non-invasive visualization of blood vessels and blood flow |
|
Definition
| MRA- Magnetic Resonance Angiogram |
|
|
Term
| Combines fluoroscopy and radiography to visualize spinal subarachnoid space, the lumber, thoracic, or cervical area, or whole spinal axis; used to diagnose spinal cord tumor, or a herniated or ruptured disk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Angiogram, LP, and Myelogrm contrast can lower seizure threshold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: before injecting contrast material, remove 10 mL of CSF via LP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Head and Vertebral Column determine the configuration, size, and shape of cranial and facial bones, the status of skull and vertebrae, and can detect degenerative changes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Imaging that scans the brain or spine to detect tumors, fractures, and/or abscesses; used in emergency situations because it is QUICK; can be used with/without contrast |
|
Definition
| CT Scan: Computed Tomography |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Patient must be given fluids after being given a contrast to rid the body of dye, unless asked not to. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infusion of radiopaque substance into the cerebral arterial system; requires local anesthetic; involves the insertion of a catheter through the femoral artery until contrast material can be injection; Provides information about patency, size, irregularities, and/or occlusion of cerebral arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nursing Considerations for patient scheduled for Angiography |
|
Definition
| NPO after midnight preprocedure; educate the patient that they will have heat sensation and a metallic taste in mouth; increase fluids |
|
|
Term
| Procedure where hollow needle with a stylet is inserted into lumbar subarachnoid space to measure CSF pressure, examine for blood, collect for lab testing visualize parts of the nervous system by injection of air, oxygen, or radiopaque material. |
|
Definition
| LP: Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| between either L3 & L4 OR L4 & L5 |
|
|
Term
| Nursing considerations for a patient scheduled for an LP |
|
Definition
| keep well hydrated and properly positioned; must sty flat 6-12 hours postprocedure; assess for headache |
|
|
Term
| T/F: CSF leak may cause a headache in patient after an LP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Graphic record of brain wave activity used to diagnose epilepsy, determine cerebral death, evaluate drug & alcohol intoxication & cerebral blood flow, and/or identify trauma and brain irritation |
|
Definition
| EEG (Electroencephlography) |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Considerations for a patient scheduled for an EEG |
|
Definition
Preprocedure: Hair is clean and dry; withold any stimulants, antidepressants, tranquilizers, and anticonvulsants (24-48 hours)
During: Quiet environment, monitored and protected
Postprocedure: medictions as ordered, clean and dry hair again |
|
|
Term
| Measures waste and electrolyte concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Radiopaque dyes, dextran, sucrose and diuretics may distort Specific Gravity results |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Measures osmotic pressure of urine; used to monitor electrolyte and water balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Osmolality is more accurate than Specific Gravity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Detects magnetic fields generated by activity of neurons and can identify the area of the brain affected by a stroke, brain disorders, trauma, or seizures |
|
Definition
| MEG (Magnetoencephalogram) |
|
|
Term
| Measures the electrical activity of skeletal muscles at rest and during contraction; useful in diagnosing neuromuscular diseases; involves insertion of needle electrodes into skeletal muscle where electrical activity can be heard, viewed on an oscilloscope, and recorded on graph paper |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Normally, there is no electrical activity when skeletal muscles are at rest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Test that is used to diagnose and evaluate neuromuscular diseases and identify nerve damage; transcutaneous or percutaneous electrodes are applied to the skin and provide recordings |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scan that can assess normal brain function and cerebral blood flow and volume; it can differentiate different types of dementia, and it can identify stages of brain tumors. Must be given a substance containing radionuclide by gas or injection to display cross sections of tissue on a computer |
|
Definition
| PET (Positron Emission Tomography) |
|
|
Term
| Scan used to diagnose strokes, brain tumors, and seizure disorders; similar to PET but uses different substances |
|
Definition
| SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography) |
|
|
Term
| Condition in which the person is aware of self and the environment and is able to respond appropriately to stimuli; requires both normal arousal and full cognition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Conscious, Somnolent or Lethargic, Stuporous, Semicomatose, and Comatose are all terms used to refer to Altered LOC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| measures the amount of dissolved particles in the serum of urine such as electrolytes, urea, or sugar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: LOC is the most important neurological assessment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LOC where patient responds immediately to minimal external stimuli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LOC where patient is disoriented to time or place but usually oriented to person, with impaired judgement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LOC where patient is disoriented to time, place, and person with loss of contact with reality; often has auditory or visual hallucinations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LOC where patient displays a state of drowsiness or inaction in which an increased stimulus is needed to arouse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LOC where patient displays dull indifference to external stimuli and response is minimally maintained; questions are answered with a minimal response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LOC where patient can be aroused only by vigorous and continuous external stimuli; motor response is often withdrawal or localizing to stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LOC where patient fails to produce any voluntary neural response even after vigorous stimulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: LOC may be altered by processes that affect the arousal functions of the brain stem, the cognition functions of the cerebral hemispheres, or both |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coma is due to one of two causes: |
|
Definition
1. Damage/Suppression of the RAS (Reticular Activating System) (CVA (stroke) most common)
2. Bilateral damage to the cerebral hemispheres or suppression of their function (Global Ischemia and Hypoglycemia most common causes) |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Brain function deterioration and changes in LOC usually follow a predictable pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early Manifestations of Altered LOC |
|
Definition
1. Arousal: Increased Stimuli required to elicit response
2. Pupillary and oculomotor response: effects first in ipsilateral pupil (one pupil); as impairment progresses, pupils become fixed and dilated
3. Motor Responses: range from an appropriate response to a command to flaccidity; as function declines movements become more generalied and less purposeful; reflexive movements may occur
4. Breathing: patterns: Cheyne-Stokes; central neurogenic hyperventilation; apneustic; cluster; ataxic |
|
|
Term
| abnormal breathing pattern where patient changes from short breaths to deep breaths |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal breathing pattern where inspiration is a gasp and expiration is partial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal breathing with irregular pauses and apnea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loss of function of cerebral hemispheres with the brain stem and cerebellum intact results in |
|
Definition
| Persistent Vegetative State (Cerebral Death) |
|
|
Term
| The cessation of cerebral blood flow with global brain infarction and permanent loss of ll brain function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alert and fully aware of environment; and intact cognitive abilities; unable to communicate; paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| physiologically awake despite outward appearance; i.e. hysteria, catatonia, severe depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example of normal transient IICP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pressure normally exerted by the CSF that circulates around the brain and spinal cord and within the cerebral ventricles |
|
Definition
| ICP (Intracranial Pressure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ratio of Brain Tissue
CSF
and Intrvascular Blood |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Sustained IICP can result in significant tissue ischemia and damage to neural tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Cerebral Edema most frequent cause of sustained increases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormal accumulation of fluid or water in the intracellular space, extracellular space, or both |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Brain requires a constant supply of Oxygen and Sugar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 essentially non-compressible elements |
|
Definition
| brain (80%, CSF (10%), and Blood (10%) |
|
|
Term
| Why is Intracranial HTN potentially life threatening? |
|
Definition
| IICP Hypertension can lead to interruption of blood flow which leads to ischemia and disruption of cerebral metabolism |
|
|
Term
| net pressure gradient that causes cerebral blood to flow in the brain |
|
Definition
| CPP (Cerebral Perfusion Pressure) |
|
|
Term
| T/F: CPP is the difference between mean arterial BP and ICP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compensatory mechanism in which cerebral arterioles change diameter to maintain blood flow when IICP occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: CO2 and H+ are potent cerebral vasoconstrictors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the earliest Manifestations of IICP? |
|
Definition
Changes in Cortical Function
i.e. behavior and personality changes, memory and judgement impaired, speech pattern changes, LOC decline |
|
|
Term
| when pupils are dilated on one side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pressure on ______ ______ often causes weakness or hemiparesis on contralateral side early in IICP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| paralysis on one side of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased systolic BP, widening pulse pressure, and bradycardia (Increased MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure)) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Brain function not disrupted with cerebral edema unless it causes an IICP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increase in volume of CSF within and dilation of the ventricular system; may IICP when it develops acutely in adults; occurs when the production of CSF exceeds its absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Results when IICP is not treated, causing cerebral tissue displacement from its normal position toward a more compliant area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Brain Herniation can put pressure on the brain stem, which is potentially lethal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common brain herniation |
|
Definition
| Uncal or Lateral Transtentorial Herniation: lateral mass displaces cerebral tissue centrally, forcing the medial aspect of the temporal lobe under the edge of the tentorial incisura (occulomotor nerve can become trapped) |
|
|
Term
| T/F: LP is performed with suspected IICP |
|
Definition
FALSE!
LP increases possibility of Herniation! |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Diuretics are common treatment for IICP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Major focus in IICP Collaborative Care is to protect the patient from sudden Increased ICP or Decrease in blood flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming day time drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep; the person finds it difficult to stay awake for long periods of time, regardless of circumstances |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: There is a Cure for Narcolepsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an abrupt temporary loss of voluntary muscular function and tone, evoked by an emotional stimulus such as laughter, pleasure, anger, or excitement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Temporary loss of blood supply (oxygen) to an area of the brain; brief period of localized cerebral ischemia caused by neurologic deficits lasting for <24 hours; Deficits may be present for only minutes or may last for hours |
|
Definition
| TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) |
|
|
Term
| Sudden, nonconvulsive focal neurologic deficit; occurs when a cerebral blood vessel is occluded by a thrombus or emboli, or when hemorrhage occurs; considered medical emergency; treated with same urgency of MI |
|
Definition
| CVA (Cerebrovascular Attack, Stroke, Brain Attack) |
|
|
Term
| T/F: If ischemia in the brain lasts more than 5-10 minutes, irreversible brain damage will occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| impairment seen on opposite side of the body from damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Warning Signals of a Stroke |
|
Definition
| Numbness, speech difficulties, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, loss of consciousness, and/or hemiplegia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Smile
Talk clearly
Raise both arms
O- stick OUT tongue (deviation to one side may indicate stroke) |
|
|
Term
| occlusion of vessel by thrombus on interior wall of artery; 50% most often occur in people >50 who are resting or sleeping; most often in large arteries that bifurcate and have narrow lumens from plaque; remain in place, continue to enlarge or break off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood clot or clump of matter becomes lodged in a vessel; 30% younger; occur when the client is awake and active; sudden onset with immediate deficits; causes necrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cerebral blood vessel ruptures; 10% in older adults who have long-term, poorly controlled hypertension; often occur suddenly, often when engaged in some activity; most often fatal; causes bleeding into the brain tissue or subarachnoid space causing edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| weakness on one side of body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased resistance to stretching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: When caring for clients with TIA or CVA from hemorrhage or a clot, focus your care on early detection of changes in neurologic status. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Do neurologic checks every 4 hours on unstable patients |
|
Definition
FALSE!
(At Least) 2 Hours! |
|
|
Term
| loss of half of visual field |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inability to recognize one or more subjects previously familiar; i.e. visual, tactile, etc. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inability to carry out some motor patterns even with strength and coordination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the inability of a person to process and perceive stimuli on one side of the body or environment that is not due to a lack of sensation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: CVA usually affects the dominant hemisphere, i.e. Right handed people on the left and Left handed people on the right |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inability to use or understand language |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Any disturbance in muscular control of speech |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Altered LOC may be a result of swelling of tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis and support of cerebral circulation and controlling or preventing further deficits |
|
Definition
| Acute Phase of Collaborative Care |
|
|
Term
| Imagining that demonstrates the presence of hemorrhage tumors, edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Imaging that demonstrates abnormal vessel structures, vasospasms, and stenosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| studies that evaluate blood flow |
|
Definition
| ultrasound doppler studies |
|
|
Term
| imaging that detects shifting brain tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Imaging that detects occlusive disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Imaging that examine cerebral blood flow (2 kinds) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Testing for hemorrhage or increased pressure of CSF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Anticoagulants are used in Thrombotic CVA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Anticoagulants are used in Hemorrhagic CVA |
|
Definition
FALSE!
NEVER used in HCVA! |
|
|
Term
| decrease cerebral vasospasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| performed to remove atherosclerotic plaque; often at the carotid artery bifurification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bypass of the internal carotid, middle cerebral, or vertebral arteries |
|
Definition
| extracranial-intracranial bypass |
|
|
Term
| hardening of the arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal out-pouching or dilation of a cerebral artery that develops secondrary to weakness in the wall of a blood vessel due to atherosclerosis, congenital defect, trauma tot he head, or hypertension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Aneurysm is the most common cause of Hemorrhagic CVA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of aneurysm; vessels in the circle of Willis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Any aneurysm with an out-pouching trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aneurysm where the circumference of blood vessel swells; most result of arteriosclerosis; space-occupying |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aneurysm where the tunica intima pulls away from the tunica media; blood gets inbetween the layers; causes include atherosclerosis, inflammation, and trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: the first indication of the presence of an aneurysm is often an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, or a combination of the two. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Aneurysm surgery is treatment of choice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meds that decrease the risk of re-bleeding and vasospasm after an aneurysm |
|
Definition
aminocapoic acid (Amicar)
*Fibrinolysis inhibitor used in excessive bleeding |
|
|
Term
| why surgery for an aneurysm? |
|
Definition
| to prevent rupture or to isolate the vessel to prevent further bleeding |
|
|
Term
| an episode of sudden, explosive, excessive and abnormal disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons characterized by an abrupt, transient altercation in CNS and brain function that causes disturbance in skeletal motor function, sensation, autonomic function of the viscera, behavior, or consciousness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Isolated seizures can occur in otherwise healthy people |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| general term for the primary condition that causes seizures; no underlying correctable cause for the seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seizures that are considered a recurrent paroxysmal disorder because its symptoms are discontinuous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: It is believed that most seizures arise from a few unstable neurons within the brain that are hypersensitive and hyper-reactive; these neurons produce a rhythmic and repetitive hyper-synchronous discharge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Not everyone has a seizure threshold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Metabolic needs of the brain increase dramatically during seizure activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Demand for ATP is increased by 250%, and oxygen and glucose consumption is increased up to 60% during seizure activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localized seizure activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seizure activity that involves the entire brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seizures that begin in one area of the cerebral cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the patient preserves awareness, memory, and consciousness, the seizure is _______ partial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the patient doesn't preserve memory, consciousness, and/or awareness, the seizure is __________ partial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: The characteristic features of Jacksonian march are (1) it only occurs on one side of the body; (2) it progresses in a predictable pattern from twitching or a tingling sensation or weakness in a finger, a big toe or the corner of the mouth, then marches over a few seconds to the entire hand, foot or facial muscles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| repetitive, non-purposeful activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a partial seizure experienced as a peculiar sensation preceding the onset of a generalized seizure; may be taste related, visual, or auditory; a feeling of dizziness or numbness, or just a "funny feeling" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| single jerk of one or more muscle groups; lasts only 1 second |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a state of muscle contraction with excessive muscle tone; stiffening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a state of alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles; jerking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| starts with the stiffening or tonic phase followed by the jerking or clonic phase; unconsciousness, tongue biting, bowel and bladder incontinence occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drop attack or abrupt loss of muscle tone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| position of tonic phase where arms and legs are totally flexed and stiffened |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| position of clonic phase where arms constrict towards the chest and legs are bent with feet pointing inward |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Consciousness is always impaired in a generalized seizure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sudden brief cessation of all motor activity accompanied by a blank stare and unresponsiveness; more common in children; 5-10 seconds but may last longer; may involve eye flutter or automatism; happen on occasion or several hundred times/day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common type of seizure; typical pattern-onset begins with sudden loss of consciousness and sharp tonic contractions; clonic phase characterized by alternating contraction and relaxation |
|
Definition
| Tonic-Clonic Seizures (Grand Mal Seizure) |
|
|
Term
| phase during seizure where patient remains unresponsive; period of deep sleep after seizure; may last from minutes to hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prolonged partial or generalized seizures without recovery between attacks, while still in postical phase, or a single seizure that lasts more than 30 min. Medical Emergency, life threatening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
EEG
EKG
LP
CT scan
Blood Study
Skull X-ray
Neurologic Exam |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Anticonvulsant medications cure seizures |
|
Definition
FALSE!
They MANAGE seizures |
|
|
Term
| T/F: During Seizure Surgery the patient remains awake |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: a headache can be a single primary disorder, or it may be a symptom of an underlying organic problem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common types of headaches |
|
Definition
| migraine, cluster, and tension |
|
|
Term
| most common type of vascular headache; differ in intensity, duration and frequency; often familial; females more than males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Migraines are Life Threatening |
|
Definition
FALSE!
They can severely affect quality of life but are not life threatening |
|
|
Term
| 3 stages of a classic migraine |
|
Definition
1. aura: 15-30 seconds, initial physiologic change of vasoconstriction
2. headache: vasodilation; cerebral arteries dilated and distended; begins unilaterally; sensory organs hypersensitive; several hours-2 days
3. post-headache: sensitive to touch; deep ache; vessel size and serotonin return to normal |
|
|
Term
| trigger factors of classic migraine |
|
Definition
| change in blood sugar, stress, emotional excitement, noise, alcohol specific foods, bright lights |
|
|
Term
| T/F: common migraine headache associated with hereditary factors; prodromal stage is often absent; and may occur with premestrual tension and fluid retention; chills, N/V, fatigue, nasal congestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atypical migraine headache; primarily seen in men age 20-40; pain is extremely sever and unilateral, recurring, and located behind or around the eye on the affected side; pain lasts from 15 min-3 hours and comes in groups of 1-8 daily lasting for several weeks or months and followed by remission of months or years; the headache occurs during the night after 1-2 hours of sleep, awakening the person and often accompanied by tearing, nasal congestion, or a runny nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle contraction headache, associated with the chronic contraction of the muscles of the neck and scalp; pain is bilateral mild to moderate, and often described as a feeling of tightness, pressure, or constriction or a viselike feeling around the head; it is NOT accompanied by nausea nor does it intensify with physical activity; 30 mins-7 days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intended to prevent disease |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t/f: meningitis is most common in children under 5 years old |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the bacteria that cause meningitis |
|
Definition
pneumococcal meningitis
haemophilus influenzae meningitis
and meningococcal meningitis |
|
|
Term
| T/F: In bacterial meningitis, the pia mater and arachnoid, the subarachnoid space, the ventricular system, and the CSF are infected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: In bacterial meningitis, the CSF is thickened with an exudate caused by neutrofils, which may interfere with CSF flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Viral meningitis is less severe than bacterial meningitis because inflammation is limited to the meninges and is nonpurulent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia |
|
|
Term
| early sign of meningeal irritation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to extend the leg when the hip is flexed at a 90-degree angle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neck flexion causes the knees and hips to flex |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the gray and white matter of the brain and spinal cord; ranges from mild to fatal; usually caused by a virus but can also be caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites; signs and symptoms vary widely, depending on the neurologic area infected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t/f: isolation is not necessary in encephalitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an infection that has extended into the cerebral tissue or that is caused by organisms carried from other sites in the body; most commonly occurs secondary to middle ear infections, nasal sinuses, face or skull infections, or from penetrating wounds; may be metastatic; most common in immunosuppressed people; initial signs are headache, chills, fever, malaise, irritability, seizures, or paralysis; CT/MRI scans, LP, Debriding, cultures, H&P; treatment based on underlying infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disease caused by a spirochete transmitted by the bite of an infected tick found on a white-tailed deer and other wild animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. rash- erythema chronicum migrans (bull's eye)
2. complications may develop such as AV block, Bell's palsy, meningitis, encephalitis, or inflammation of the eyes
3. (4 wks - years later) arthritic symptoms that affect large joints and cause chronic pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erythema chronicum migrans |
|
|
Term
| virus that is transmitted from birds to humans, usually by mosquitoes; causes viral encephalitis which can range from mild to fatal; initial symptoms: fever, headache, body ache, skin rash, and swollen lymph glands; more severe symptoms: headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, and paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: West Nile Virus is curable |
|
Definition
FALSE!
There is no treatment or vaccine for West Nile Virus |
|
|
Term
| T/F: report dead birds to prevent spread of West Nile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| propofol- general anesthetic- produces amnesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antiasthmatic, corticosteroid,, management of cerebral edema, adrenal disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antiasthmatic, corticosteroid, prevents organ rejection in transplants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Osmitrol, Resectitrol) treats edema, causes excretion, decreases ICP, detoxicity, decreases hemolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (tirofiban) antiplatelet agent, treats angina, prevents MI and death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (phenytoin) antiarhythmic, prevents Grand Mal (Tonic-Clonic) seizures, diminishes seizure activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (levetiracetem) anticonvulsant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (ZOLMitriptan) vascular headache suppressant, cranial vessel vasoconstriction, decreases migraine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (topiramate) anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, decreases headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (sumatriptan) vascular headache suppressor |
|
|
