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Neurosensory Unit I & II
Neurosensory System Disorders P. 933-985
198
Nursing
Not Applicable
01/02/2014

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Term
Imaging Technique that provides Detailed images of soft tissue; better definition of mass lesions, better visualization of posterior fossa and brainstem, and increased ability to detect subtle changes; slower process; can be used with/without contrast; cannot be used with pace maker, insulin pump, TENS, spinal cord stimulators, cochlear implants, staples, penile implants
Definition
MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Term
Non-invasive visualization of blood vessels and blood flow
Definition
MRA- Magnetic Resonance Angiogram
Term
Combines fluoroscopy and radiography to visualize spinal subarachnoid space, the lumber, thoracic, or cervical area, or whole spinal axis; used to diagnose spinal cord tumor, or a herniated or ruptured disk
Definition
Myelography/Myelogram
Term
T/F: Angiogram, LP, and Myelogrm contrast can lower seizure threshold
Definition
True
Term
T/F: before injecting contrast material, remove 10 mL of CSF via LP
Definition
True
Term
T/F: Head and Vertebral Column determine the configuration, size, and shape of cranial and facial bones, the status of skull and vertebrae, and can detect degenerative changes.
Definition
True
Term
Imaging that scans the brain or spine to detect tumors, fractures, and/or abscesses; used in emergency situations because it is QUICK; can be used with/without contrast
Definition
CT Scan: Computed Tomography
Term
T/F: Patient must be given fluids after being given a contrast to rid the body of dye, unless asked not to.
Definition
True
Term
Infusion of radiopaque substance into the cerebral arterial system; requires local anesthetic; involves the insertion of a catheter through the femoral artery until contrast material can be injection; Provides information about patency, size, irregularities, and/or occlusion of cerebral arteries
Definition
Angiography
Term
Nursing Considerations for patient scheduled for Angiography
Definition
NPO after midnight preprocedure; educate the patient that they will have heat sensation and a metallic taste in mouth; increase fluids
Term
Procedure where hollow needle with a stylet is inserted into lumbar subarachnoid space to measure CSF pressure, examine for blood, collect for lab testing visualize parts of the nervous system by injection of air, oxygen, or radiopaque material.
Definition
LP: Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)
Term
Where is LP placement?
Definition
between either L3 & L4 OR L4 & L5
Term
Nursing considerations for a patient scheduled for an LP
Definition
keep well hydrated and properly positioned; must sty flat 6-12 hours postprocedure; assess for headache
Term
T/F: CSF leak may cause a headache in patient after an LP
Definition
True
Term
Graphic record of brain wave activity used to diagnose epilepsy, determine cerebral death, evaluate drug & alcohol intoxication & cerebral blood flow, and/or identify trauma and brain irritation
Definition
EEG (Electroencephlography)
Term
Nursing Considerations for a patient scheduled for an EEG
Definition
Preprocedure: Hair is clean and dry; withold any stimulants, antidepressants, tranquilizers, and anticonvulsants (24-48 hours)

During: Quiet environment, monitored and protected

Postprocedure: medictions as ordered, clean and dry hair again
Term
Measures waste and electrolyte concentration
Definition
Urine Specific Gravity
Term
T/F: Radiopaque dyes, dextran, sucrose and diuretics may distort Specific Gravity results
Definition
True
Term
Measures osmotic pressure of urine; used to monitor electrolyte and water balance
Definition
Osmolality
Term
T/F: Osmolality is more accurate than Specific Gravity
Definition
True
Term
Detects magnetic fields generated by activity of neurons and can identify the area of the brain affected by a stroke, brain disorders, trauma, or seizures
Definition
MEG (Magnetoencephalogram)
Term
Measures the electrical activity of skeletal muscles at rest and during contraction; useful in diagnosing neuromuscular diseases; involves insertion of needle electrodes into skeletal muscle where electrical activity can be heard, viewed on an oscilloscope, and recorded on graph paper
Definition
EMG (Electromyogram)
Term
T/F: Normally, there is no electrical activity when skeletal muscles are at rest
Definition
True
Term
Test that is used to diagnose and evaluate neuromuscular diseases and identify nerve damage; transcutaneous or percutaneous electrodes are applied to the skin and provide recordings
Definition
Evoked Potentials
Term
Scan that can assess normal brain function and cerebral blood flow and volume; it can differentiate different types of dementia, and it can identify stages of brain tumors. Must be given a substance containing radionuclide by gas or injection to display cross sections of tissue on a computer
Definition
PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
Term
Scan used to diagnose strokes, brain tumors, and seizure disorders; similar to PET but uses different substances
Definition
SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography)
Term
Condition in which the person is aware of self and the environment and is able to respond appropriately to stimuli; requires both normal arousal and full cognition
Definition
Consciousness
Term
T/F: Conscious, Somnolent or Lethargic, Stuporous, Semicomatose, and Comatose are all terms used to refer to Altered LOC
Definition
True
Term
measures the amount of dissolved particles in the serum of urine such as electrolytes, urea, or sugar
Definition
serum osmolality
Term
T/F: LOC is the most important neurological assessment
Definition
True
Term
LOC where patient responds immediately to minimal external stimuli
Definition
Alert
Term
LOC where patient is disoriented to time or place but usually oriented to person, with impaired judgement
Definition
Confused
Term
LOC where patient is disoriented to time, place, and person with loss of contact with reality; often has auditory or visual hallucinations
Definition
Delirious
Term
LOC where patient displays a state of drowsiness or inaction in which an increased stimulus is needed to arouse
Definition
Lethargic
Term
LOC where patient displays dull indifference to external stimuli and response is minimally maintained; questions are answered with a minimal response
Definition
Obtunded
Term
LOC where patient can be aroused only by vigorous and continuous external stimuli; motor response is often withdrawal or localizing to stimulus
Definition
Stuporous
Term
LOC where patient fails to produce any voluntary neural response even after vigorous stimulation
Definition
Comatose
Term
T/F: LOC may be altered by processes that affect the arousal functions of the brain stem, the cognition functions of the cerebral hemispheres, or both
Definition
True
Term
Coma is due to one of two causes:
Definition
1. Damage/Suppression of the RAS (Reticular Activating System) (CVA (stroke) most common)
2. Bilateral damage to the cerebral hemispheres or suppression of their function (Global Ischemia and Hypoglycemia most common causes)
Term
T/F: Brain function deterioration and changes in LOC usually follow a predictable pattern
Definition
True
Term
Early Manifestations of Altered LOC
Definition
1. Arousal: Increased Stimuli required to elicit response
2. Pupillary and oculomotor response: effects first in ipsilateral pupil (one pupil); as impairment progresses, pupils become fixed and dilated
3. Motor Responses: range from an appropriate response to a command to flaccidity; as function declines movements become more generalied and less purposeful; reflexive movements may occur
4. Breathing: patterns: Cheyne-Stokes; central neurogenic hyperventilation; apneustic; cluster; ataxic
Term
abnormal breathing pattern where patient changes from short breaths to deep breaths
Definition
Cheyne-Stokes
Term
abnormal breathing pattern where inspiration is a gasp and expiration is partial
Definition
apneustic
Term
abnormal breathing with irregular pauses and apnea
Definition
ataxic
Term
loss of function of cerebral hemispheres with the brain stem and cerebellum intact results in
Definition
Persistent Vegetative State (Cerebral Death)
Term
The cessation of cerebral blood flow with global brain infarction and permanent loss of ll brain function
Definition
Brain Death
Term
Alert and fully aware of environment; and intact cognitive abilities; unable to communicate; paralysis
Definition
Locked-In Syndrome
Term
physiologically awake despite outward appearance; i.e. hysteria, catatonia, severe depression
Definition
Psychogenic Coma
Term
Normal ICP
Definition
<15 mm Hg or 180 mm H2o
Term
Example of normal transient IICP
Definition
coughing or sneezing
Term
Pressure normally exerted by the CSF that circulates around the brain and spinal cord and within the cerebral ventricles
Definition
ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
Term
How is ICP determined?
Definition
Ratio of Brain Tissue
CSF
and Intrvascular Blood
Term
T/F: Sustained IICP can result in significant tissue ischemia and damage to neural tissue
Definition
True
Term
T/F: Cerebral Edema most frequent cause of sustained increases
Definition
True
Term
Abnormal accumulation of fluid or water in the intracellular space, extracellular space, or both
Definition
Cerebral Edema
Term
T/F: Brain requires a constant supply of Oxygen and Sugar
Definition
True
Term
3 essentially non-compressible elements
Definition
brain (80%, CSF (10%), and Blood (10%)
Term
Why is Intracranial HTN potentially life threatening?
Definition
IICP Hypertension can lead to interruption of blood flow which leads to ischemia and disruption of cerebral metabolism
Term
net pressure gradient that causes cerebral blood to flow in the brain
Definition
CPP (Cerebral Perfusion Pressure)
Term
T/F: CPP is the difference between mean arterial BP and ICP
Definition
True
Term
Normal CPP
Definition
70-100 mm Hg
Term
compensatory mechanism in which cerebral arterioles change diameter to maintain blood flow when IICP occurs
Definition
autoregulation
Term
T/F: CO2 and H+ are potent cerebral vasoconstrictors
Definition
FALSE
Vasodilators!
Term
What are the earliest Manifestations of IICP?
Definition
Changes in Cortical Function
i.e. behavior and personality changes, memory and judgement impaired, speech pattern changes, LOC decline
Term
when pupils are dilated on one side
Definition
ipsilateral
Term
Pressure on ______ ______ often causes weakness or hemiparesis on contralateral side early in IICP
Definition
Pyramidal Tract
Term
paralysis on one side of the body
Definition
hemiparesis
Term
Increased systolic BP, widening pulse pressure, and bradycardia (Increased MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure))
Definition
Cushing's Triad
Term
T/F: Brain function not disrupted with cerebral edema unless it causes an IICP
Definition
True
Term
Increase in volume of CSF within and dilation of the ventricular system; may IICP when it develops acutely in adults; occurs when the production of CSF exceeds its absorption
Definition
Hydrocephalus
Term
Results when IICP is not treated, causing cerebral tissue displacement from its normal position toward a more compliant area
Definition
Brain Herniation
Term
T/F: Brain Herniation can put pressure on the brain stem, which is potentially lethal
Definition
True
Term
Most common brain herniation
Definition
Uncal or Lateral Transtentorial Herniation: lateral mass displaces cerebral tissue centrally, forcing the medial aspect of the temporal lobe under the edge of the tentorial incisura (occulomotor nerve can become trapped)
Term
T/F: LP is performed with suspected IICP
Definition
FALSE!
LP increases possibility of Herniation!
Term
T/F: Diuretics are common treatment for IICP
Definition
True
Term
T/F: Major focus in IICP Collaborative Care is to protect the patient from sudden Increased ICP or Decrease in blood flow
Definition
True
Term
chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming day time drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep; the person finds it difficult to stay awake for long periods of time, regardless of circumstances
Definition
Narcolepsy
Term
T/F: There is a Cure for Narcolepsy
Definition
FALSE!
No Cure!
Term
an abrupt temporary loss of voluntary muscular function and tone, evoked by an emotional stimulus such as laughter, pleasure, anger, or excitement.
Definition
Cataplexy
Term
Temporary loss of blood supply (oxygen) to an area of the brain; brief period of localized cerebral ischemia caused by neurologic deficits lasting for <24 hours; Deficits may be present for only minutes or may last for hours
Definition
TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)
Term
Sudden, nonconvulsive focal neurologic deficit; occurs when a cerebral blood vessel is occluded by a thrombus or emboli, or when hemorrhage occurs; considered medical emergency; treated with same urgency of MI
Definition
CVA (Cerebrovascular Attack, Stroke, Brain Attack)
Term
T/F: If ischemia in the brain lasts more than 5-10 minutes, irreversible brain damage will occur
Definition
True
Term
impairment seen on opposite side of the body from damage
Definition
contralateral deficit
Term
Warning Signals of a Stroke
Definition
Numbness, speech difficulties, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, loss of consciousness, and/or hemiplegia
Term
STRO
Definition
Smile
Talk clearly
Raise both arms
O- stick OUT tongue (deviation to one side may indicate stroke)
Term
occlusion of vessel by thrombus on interior wall of artery; 50% most often occur in people >50 who are resting or sleeping; most often in large arteries that bifurcate and have narrow lumens from plaque; remain in place, continue to enlarge or break off
Definition
Thrombotic CVA
Term
blood clot or clump of matter becomes lodged in a vessel; 30% younger; occur when the client is awake and active; sudden onset with immediate deficits; causes necrosis
Definition
Embolic CVA
Term
cerebral blood vessel ruptures; 10% in older adults who have long-term, poorly controlled hypertension; often occur suddenly, often when engaged in some activity; most often fatal; causes bleeding into the brain tissue or subarachnoid space causing edema
Definition
Hemorrhagic CVA
Term
weakness on one side of body
Definition
hemiparesis
Term
absence of muscle tone
Definition
flaccidity
Term
increased resistance to stretching
Definition
spasticity and rigidity
Term
T/F: When caring for clients with TIA or CVA from hemorrhage or a clot, focus your care on early detection of changes in neurologic status.
Definition
True
Term
T/F: Do neurologic checks every 4 hours on unstable patients
Definition
FALSE!
(At Least) 2 Hours!
Term
loss of half of visual field
Definition
hemianopia
Term
inability to recognize one or more subjects previously familiar; i.e. visual, tactile, etc.
Definition
agnosia
Term
inability to carry out some motor patterns even with strength and coordination
Definition
aphraxia
Term
the inability of a person to process and perceive stimuli on one side of the body or environment that is not due to a lack of sensation
Definition
neglect syndrome
Term
T/F: CVA usually affects the dominant hemisphere, i.e. Right handed people on the left and Left handed people on the right
Definition
True
Term
Inability to use or understand language
Definition
Aphasia
Term
Any disturbance in muscular control of speech
Definition
Dysarthria
Term
T/F: Altered LOC may be a result of swelling of tissue
Definition
True
Term
Diagnosis and support of cerebral circulation and controlling or preventing further deficits
Definition
Acute Phase of Collaborative Care
Term
Imagining that demonstrates the presence of hemorrhage tumors, edema
Definition
CT Scan
Term
Imaging that demonstrates abnormal vessel structures, vasospasms, and stenosis
Definition
Arteriography
Term
studies that evaluate blood flow
Definition
ultrasound doppler studies
Term
imaging that detects shifting brain tissue
Definition
MRI
Term
Imaging that detects occlusive disease
Definition
MRA
Term
Imaging that examine cerebral blood flow (2 kinds)
Definition
PET and SPECT
Term
Testing for hemorrhage or increased pressure of CSF
Definition
LP
Term
T/F: Anticoagulants are used in Thrombotic CVA
Definition
True
Term
T/F: Anticoagulants are used in Hemorrhagic CVA
Definition
FALSE!
NEVER used in HCVA!
Term
decrease cerebral vasospasm
Definition
calcium channel blockers
Term
performed to remove atherosclerotic plaque; often at the carotid artery bifurification
Definition
Carotid Endarterectomy
Term
bypass of the internal carotid, middle cerebral, or vertebral arteries
Definition
extracranial-intracranial bypass
Term
hardening of the arteries
Definition
atherosclerosis
Term
abnormal out-pouching or dilation of a cerebral artery that develops secondrary to weakness in the wall of a blood vessel due to atherosclerosis, congenital defect, trauma tot he head, or hypertension
Definition
Intracranial Aneurysm
Term
T/F: Aneurysm is the most common cause of Hemorrhagic CVA
Definition
True
Term
Most common type of aneurysm; vessels in the circle of Willis
Definition
Berry Aneurysm
Term
Any aneurysm with an out-pouching trauma
Definition
Saccular Aneurysm
Term
Aneurysm where the circumference of blood vessel swells; most result of arteriosclerosis; space-occupying
Definition
Fusiform Aneurysm
Term
Aneurysm where the tunica intima pulls away from the tunica media; blood gets inbetween the layers; causes include atherosclerosis, inflammation, and trauma
Definition
Dissecting Aneurysm
Term
T/F: the first indication of the presence of an aneurysm is often an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, or a combination of the two.
Definition
True
Term
sensitivity to light
Definition
photophobia
Term
sensitivity to sound
Definition
phonophobia
Term
T/F: Aneurysm surgery is treatment of choice
Definition
True
Term
Meds that decrease the risk of re-bleeding and vasospasm after an aneurysm
Definition
aminocapoic acid (Amicar)
*Fibrinolysis inhibitor used in excessive bleeding
Term
why surgery for an aneurysm?
Definition
to prevent rupture or to isolate the vessel to prevent further bleeding
Term
an episode of sudden, explosive, excessive and abnormal disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons characterized by an abrupt, transient altercation in CNS and brain function that causes disturbance in skeletal motor function, sensation, autonomic function of the viscera, behavior, or consciousness
Definition
Seizure Disorder
Term
T/F: Isolated seizures can occur in otherwise healthy people
Definition
True
Term
general term for the primary condition that causes seizures; no underlying correctable cause for the seizures
Definition
epilepsy
Term
seizures that are considered a recurrent paroxysmal disorder because its symptoms are discontinuous
Definition
chronic epilepsy
Term
T/F: It is believed that most seizures arise from a few unstable neurons within the brain that are hypersensitive and hyper-reactive; these neurons produce a rhythmic and repetitive hyper-synchronous discharge
Definition
True
Term
T/F: Not everyone has a seizure threshold
Definition
FALSE!
We ALL have one!
Term
T/F: Metabolic needs of the brain increase dramatically during seizure activity
Definition
True
Term
T/F: Demand for ATP is increased by 250%, and oxygen and glucose consumption is increased up to 60% during seizure activity
Definition
True
Term
Localized seizure activity
Definition
Focal (partial)
Term
seizure activity that involves the entire brain
Definition
generalized
Term
seizures that begin in one area of the cerebral cortex
Definition
partial seizure
Term
if the patient preserves awareness, memory, and consciousness, the seizure is _______ partial
Definition
simple
Term
if the patient doesn't preserve memory, consciousness, and/or awareness, the seizure is __________ partial
Definition
complex
Term
T/F: The characteristic features of Jacksonian march are (1) it only occurs on one side of the body; (2) it progresses in a predictable pattern from twitching or a tingling sensation or weakness in a finger, a big toe or the corner of the mouth, then marches over a few seconds to the entire hand, foot or facial muscles.
Definition
True
Term
repetitive, non-purposeful activity
Definition
automatisms
Term
a partial seizure experienced as a peculiar sensation preceding the onset of a generalized seizure; may be taste related, visual, or auditory; a feeling of dizziness or numbness, or just a "funny feeling"
Definition
aura
Term
single jerk of one or more muscle groups; lasts only 1 second
Definition
myoclonic seizure
Term
a state of muscle contraction with excessive muscle tone; stiffening
Definition
tonic phase
Term
a state of alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles; jerking
Definition
clonic phase
Term
starts with the stiffening or tonic phase followed by the jerking or clonic phase; unconsciousness, tongue biting, bowel and bladder incontinence occur
Definition
tonic-clonic phase
Term
drop attack or abrupt loss of muscle tone
Definition
atonic seizure
Term
position of tonic phase where arms and legs are totally flexed and stiffened
Definition
decerebrate posturing
Term
position of clonic phase where arms constrict towards the chest and legs are bent with feet pointing inward
Definition
decorticate
Term
T/F: Consciousness is always impaired in a generalized seizure
Definition
True
Term
sudden brief cessation of all motor activity accompanied by a blank stare and unresponsiveness; more common in children; 5-10 seconds but may last longer; may involve eye flutter or automatism; happen on occasion or several hundred times/day
Definition
absence seizures
Term
most common type of seizure; typical pattern-onset begins with sudden loss of consciousness and sharp tonic contractions; clonic phase characterized by alternating contraction and relaxation
Definition
Tonic-Clonic Seizures (Grand Mal Seizure)
Term
phase during seizure where patient remains unresponsive; period of deep sleep after seizure; may last from minutes to hours
Definition
postictal phase
Term
prolonged partial or generalized seizures without recovery between attacks, while still in postical phase, or a single seizure that lasts more than 30 min. Medical Emergency, life threatening
Definition
status epilepticus
Term
Tests for Seizure
Definition
EEG
EKG
LP
CT scan
Blood Study
Skull X-ray
Neurologic Exam
Term
T/F: Anticonvulsant medications cure seizures
Definition
FALSE!
They MANAGE seizures
Term
T/F: During Seizure Surgery the patient remains awake
Definition
True
Term
T/F: a headache can be a single primary disorder, or it may be a symptom of an underlying organic problem
Definition
True
Term
Most common types of headaches
Definition
migraine, cluster, and tension
Term
most common type of vascular headache; differ in intensity, duration and frequency; often familial; females more than males
Definition
migraine
Term
T/F: Migraines are Life Threatening
Definition
FALSE!
They can severely affect quality of life but are not life threatening
Term
3 stages of a classic migraine
Definition
1. aura: 15-30 seconds, initial physiologic change of vasoconstriction
2. headache: vasodilation; cerebral arteries dilated and distended; begins unilaterally; sensory organs hypersensitive; several hours-2 days
3. post-headache: sensitive to touch; deep ache; vessel size and serotonin return to normal
Term
trigger factors of classic migraine
Definition
change in blood sugar, stress, emotional excitement, noise, alcohol specific foods, bright lights
Term
T/F: common migraine headache associated with hereditary factors; prodromal stage is often absent; and may occur with premestrual tension and fluid retention; chills, N/V, fatigue, nasal congestion
Definition
True
Term
atypical migraine headache; primarily seen in men age 20-40; pain is extremely sever and unilateral, recurring, and located behind or around the eye on the affected side; pain lasts from 15 min-3 hours and comes in groups of 1-8 daily lasting for several weeks or months and followed by remission of months or years; the headache occurs during the night after 1-2 hours of sleep, awakening the person and often accompanied by tearing, nasal congestion, or a runny nose
Definition
cluster headache
Term
muscle contraction headache, associated with the chronic contraction of the muscles of the neck and scalp; pain is bilateral mild to moderate, and often described as a feeling of tightness, pressure, or constriction or a viselike feeling around the head; it is NOT accompanied by nausea nor does it intensify with physical activity; 30 mins-7 days
Definition
tension headache
Term
H&P
Definition
History and Physical
Term
prophylactic
Definition
intended to prevent disease
Term
inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
Definition
meningitis
Term
t/f: meningitis is most common in children under 5 years old
Definition
True
Term
the bacteria that cause meningitis
Definition
pneumococcal meningitis
haemophilus influenzae meningitis
and meningococcal meningitis
Term
T/F: In bacterial meningitis, the pia mater and arachnoid, the subarachnoid space, the ventricular system, and the CSF are infected
Definition
True
Term
T/F: In bacterial meningitis, the CSF is thickened with an exudate caused by neutrofils, which may interfere with CSF flow
Definition
True
Term
T/F: Viral meningitis is less severe than bacterial meningitis because inflammation is limited to the meninges and is nonpurulent
Definition
True
Term
symptoms of meningitis
Definition
headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia
Term
early sign of meningeal irritation
Definition
stiff neck
Term
Kernig's sign
Definition
inability to extend the leg when the hip is flexed at a 90-degree angle
Term
Brudzinski's Sign
Definition
neck flexion causes the knees and hips to flex
Term
inflammation of the gray and white matter of the brain and spinal cord; ranges from mild to fatal; usually caused by a virus but can also be caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites; signs and symptoms vary widely, depending on the neurologic area infected
Definition
encephalitis
Term
t/f: isolation is not necessary in encephalitis
Definition
True
Term
an infection that has extended into the cerebral tissue or that is caused by organisms carried from other sites in the body; most commonly occurs secondary to middle ear infections, nasal sinuses, face or skull infections, or from penetrating wounds; may be metastatic; most common in immunosuppressed people; initial signs are headache, chills, fever, malaise, irritability, seizures, or paralysis; CT/MRI scans, LP, Debriding, cultures, H&P; treatment based on underlying infection
Definition
brain abscess
Term
disease caused by a spirochete transmitted by the bite of an infected tick found on a white-tailed deer and other wild animals
Definition
lyme disease
Term
3 stages of lyme disease
Definition
1. rash- erythema chronicum migrans (bull's eye)
2. complications may develop such as AV block, Bell's palsy, meningitis, encephalitis, or inflammation of the eyes
3. (4 wks - years later) arthritic symptoms that affect large joints and cause chronic pain
Term
bull's eye rash
Definition
erythema chronicum migrans
Term
virus that is transmitted from birds to humans, usually by mosquitoes; causes viral encephalitis which can range from mild to fatal; initial symptoms: fever, headache, body ache, skin rash, and swollen lymph glands; more severe symptoms: headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, and paralysis
Definition
west nile virus
Term
T/F: West Nile Virus is curable
Definition
FALSE!
There is no treatment or vaccine for West Nile Virus
Term
T/F: report dead birds to prevent spread of West Nile
Definition
True
Term
Diprivan
Definition
propofol- general anesthetic- produces amnesia
Term
dexamethsone
Definition
antiasthmatic, corticosteroid,, management of cerebral edema, adrenal disorders
Term
methylprednilsone
Definition
antiasthmatic, corticosteroid, prevents organ rejection in transplants
Term
mannitol
Definition
(Osmitrol, Resectitrol) treats edema, causes excretion, decreases ICP, detoxicity, decreases hemolysis
Term
Aggrastat
Definition
(tirofiban) antiplatelet agent, treats angina, prevents MI and death
Term
Dilantin
Definition
(phenytoin) antiarhythmic, prevents Grand Mal (Tonic-Clonic) seizures, diminishes seizure activity
Term
Keppra
Definition
(levetiracetem) anticonvulsant
Term
Zomig
Definition
(ZOLMitriptan) vascular headache suppressant, cranial vessel vasoconstriction, decreases migraine
Term
Topamax
Definition
(topiramate) anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, decreases headache
Term
Imitrex
Definition
(sumatriptan) vascular headache suppressor
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