Term
|
Definition
| rapid opening of channels- more Na+ outside regularly, so flow in when opened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sodium channels close and potassium channels open |
|
|
Term
| absolute refractory period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Golgi Apparatus)- help package NT in vesicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain NT waiting to be released |
|
|
Term
| G-protein linked receptor |
|
Definition
opens/closes ion channel
or
triggers 2nd messenger to open/close ion channel, alter metabolic activity, or gene expression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
excitatory postsynaptic potential
depolarization
(Na+) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
hyperpolarization
Cl- |
|
|
Term
| 5 types of neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
acetylcholine
monoamines
amino acids
peptides
soluble gases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
catecholamines: dopamine
serotonin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
excitatory: glutatmate
inhibitory: GABA |
|
|
Term
| rate limiting step for ACh |
|
Definition
| choline is taken up by transporter for synthesis of ACh in terminal |
|
|
Term
| choline acetyltransferase |
|
Definition
| enzyme that catalyzes reaction |
|
|
Term
| acetylcholine receptor types |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Curare, Alpha Bungarotoxin |
|
Definition
Acetylcholamine
-nicotinic receptors blocked
-prevents ACh NT from activating- can't contract muscles
-snake venom and poison arrows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACH
-no transmitter
causes huge release of ACh > lots of movement, convulsions
-depleated stores > no NT
-causes paralysis, you die |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
destroys AChE = no enzyme
cause convulsions because excess of ACh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACh
-no enzyme
-nicotinic receptors activated
-more convulsions and death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACh
-muscarinic receptors blocked
-prevent contraction of muscles, which causes pupils to dilate
belladonna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACh
- no release
-no contraction of muscles of face
-wrinkle reduction |
|
|
Term
| enzyme needed to make L-dopa from tyrosine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enzyme needed to make dopamine from L-dopa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enzyme needed to make norepinephrine from dopamine |
|
Definition
| dopamine beta-hydroxylase |
|
|
Term
| enzyme needed to make epinephrine from norepinephrine |
|
Definition
| phentolamine N-methly transferase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Catecholamine
-no reuptake of NT = remains in cleft
- big release
-DA and NE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Catecholamine
- no reuptake DA
cocaine blocks DA stronger, wellbutrin blocks NE stronger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Catecholamine
-1st anti-psychotic drug
-blocks DA receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Catecholamine
cause= death of DA secreting neuron's to basil ganglia
treatment- provide remaining substantia nigra to secret more DA
L-Dopa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Catecholamine and Serotonin
blocks reuptake > revereses reuptake to bring back to cleft
stimulates release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tryptophan + tryptophan hydroxylase= 5-HTD + 5-HTD decarboxylase = 5-HT (serotonin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5-HT (Serotonin)
-blocks receptors in a way
-autoreceptors activated(off switch)
-decrease transmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Serotonin
-no reuptake
- SSRI
-up to 6 weeks to have an effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance P, endorphins, endocannabinoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| retrograde messengers from postsynaptic to presynaptic |
|
|
Term
| Shared characteristics of vertebrates |
|
Definition
- pattern of neural development
- bilateral symmatry
- crossed connectivity
- longitudinal organization
- dorsal/ventral organization of sensory/ motor functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates rostral from caudal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates right from left |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates dorsal from ventral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cluster of neurons outside CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cluster of neurons inside CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| innervating skin, joints, striated muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory afferents enter cord; somas in dorsal root ganglion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motor efferents exit cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turns into lining of internal organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turns into bones and muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
turns into nervous system, skin
neural plate differentiates into CNS |
|
|
Term
| neural tube divides into 4 parts |
|
Definition
| spinal cord, rhombencephalon, mesencephalon, prosencephalon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| myelencephalon, metencephalon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dicephalon, telencephalon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific regions affected by parts of spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains cell bodies of motor neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| axons entering into spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell bodies, delivers sensory info IN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dorsal root + ventral root |
|
|
Term
| Ascending pathways in spinal cord |
|
Definition
| dorsal column, spinocerebellar, spinothalamic |
|
|
Term
| descending pathways in spinal cord |
|
Definition
| corticospinal, vestibulospinal tracts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Medulla, dorsal column nuclei, reticular formation, area postrema, cranial nerve nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| targets of ascending pathways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulating arousal and attention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood brain barrier- makes you throw up when bad stuff is in your system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Optic- vision (sensory)
2. hypoglossal- tongue (motor)
3. facial- taste, face muscles (sensory and motor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reticular formation, cranial nerve nuclei, and pontine nuclei >relay between descending axons from forebrain and cerebellum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motor control, especially complex coordinated movement, balance, and muscle tone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of clusters of cell bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior and inferior colliculli, process visual and auditory info, involved in orienting reflexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substantia nigra, red nucleus (motor control) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| retina, thalamus, hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major sensory relay to cortex; major relay from cortex, many nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
biological urges
(eating, homeostasis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Limbic system, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, corpus callosum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| declarative memory (dates, facts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caudate, globus pallidus, putamen |
|
|
Term
| dysfunction in this is cause for Parkinson's, Huntington's, possibly OCD and Tourrette's |
|
Definition
| basal ganglia- telencephalon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the squishy brain stuff, includes the lobes and sulci and gyri |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intracortical assoication (sending receiving info to/from other parts of cortex) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subcortical outputs (except thalamus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meninges and cerebrospinal fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| choroid plexus in lateral ventricles |
|
|
Term
| three membranes of the meninges |
|
Definition
| dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
