Term
the
learning of a motor response in
reaction to sensory input. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonassociative learning (2) |
|
Definition
| habituation and sensitization |
|
|
Term
over time a
stimulus has less and less impact
on behavior. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
a strong sensory
stimulus leads to increased
responsiveness to other sensory
stimuli. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Association of a stimulus that evokes a response with another stimulus that does not evoke this response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
US and CS must be simultaneous, or CS may
precede US by a short interval. If CS follows US !92 no conditioning. |
|
Definition
| timing requirement of classical conditioning |
|
|
Term
| Classical conditioning involves learning a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
learning to associate a motor response with a
meaningful stimulus (e.g. a reward). learning the association between particular behaviors and their outcomes
and consequences. The behavior must occur slightly before the stimulus |
|
Definition
| instrumental conditioning |
|
|
Term
| The 1Cstar 1D of invertebrate learning models |
|
Definition
| Aplysia californica (slug like) |
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|
Term
| The nervous system of Aplysia contains about how many neurons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
: The gill
withdrawal reflex in Aplysia shows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cell
L7 in the abdominal ganglion receives
sensory input and connects to muscles. |
|
Definition
| Habituation of the gill withdrawal reflex |
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|
Term
| Human memory involves structures in the |
|
Definition
hippocampus and in the
temporal lobes of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
record from cell in hippocampus area CA1
(receives Schaffer collaterals from area CA3). In addition, stimulate
two sets of input fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| input specific and long-lasting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synaptic stimulation coincides with postsynaptic
depolarization |
|
|
Term
synaptic stimulation coincides with postsynaptic
depolarization is acheived by |
|
Definition
cooperativity of many coactive
synapses during tetanus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LTP has what kind of characteristics? |
|
Definition
Hebbian ( 1Cwhat fires together wires
together 1D, or, in this case, connects together more strongly) |
|
|
Term
| Hippocampal responses can be modified in the direction of |
|
Definition
potentiation
(LTP) and depression (LTD) |
|
|
Term
| Long-term depression (LTD) in the hippocampus, triggered by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the mechanisms of LTP/LTD are shared between |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LTP/LTD play a role in synaptic rearrangements during |
|
Definition
development
and also during memory formation in the adult brain. |
|
|
Term
| How can one 1Cprove 1D that LTP/LTD underlie memory? (2) |
|
Definition
1. Probing and stimulating/blocking of the molecules involved in
LTP, especially the NMDA receptor.
2. Observing the effects of these manipulations on learning and
behavior |
|
|
Term
standard test for spatial
memory in rodents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rats with __________cannot learn/remember the
location of the hidden platform. |
|
Definition
| bilateral hippocampal damage |
|
|
Term
Injection of ________ into the hippocampus also abolishes
behavioral improvement and learning (Richard Morris) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
genetic manipulation of
genes that make molecules thought to be involved in learning and
memory |
|
Definition
Gene knockout can be restricted to specific regions of the
brain |
|
|
Term
Does boosting the number of NMDA receptors produce an increase
in memory performance? |
|
Definition
Overexpression of NMDA receptors in
genetically altered mice can result in enhanced learning (Joe Tsien,
1999). |
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