Term
| explicit/declarative memory |
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Definition
| conscious memories; knowledge of facts/info; memories of events |
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Term
| implicit/nondeclarative memory |
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Definition
| unconscious memories; procedural [skills]; classical conditioning |
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Term
| basic info Korsakoff's syndrome |
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Definition
| results from chronic alcohol abuse; aftermath of Wernicke's Encephalopathy results in this |
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Term
| Korsakoff's syndrome symptoms |
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Definition
| dense anterograde amnesia; retrograde amnesia [5-15y]; lack awareness of amnesia; confabulation; inappropriate familiarity; flat affect; no alcohol craving |
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Term
| damage in Korsakoff's syndrome |
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Definition
| dorsomedial thalamus, medial hypothalamus, mammillary bodies, frontal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| inventing memories [when you can't remember them yourself] |
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Term
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Definition
| mild retrograde amnesia [1/2-1y]; dense anterograde of declarative memory; aware and troubled by amnesia; can learn motor skills [implicit knowledge] |
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Term
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Definition
| dorsomedial thalamus, mammillary bodies |
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Term
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Definition
anterograde amnesia in declarative memory; damage to mammillary bodies
[snooker cue] |
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Term
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Definition
| had seizures and surgery to remove "focus"; mild retrograde amnesia; dense anterograde amnesia in declarative memories; aware, but not bothered by amnesia |
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Term
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Definition
| hippocampus, entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, amygdala |
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Term
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Definition
| anterograde amnesia in declarative memories; damage in CA1 field of hippocampus |
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Term
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Definition
EHFSMMACC-
entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, fornix, subiculum, mammillary bodies, mammillothalamic tract, anterior thalamus, cingulate cortex, cingulum |
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Term
| List the 4 types of aphasias |
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Definition
| expressive; receptive; global; pure |
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Term
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Definition
| aka Broca's or nonfluent aphasia; damage in premotor area (L frontal lobe); deficits in speech production- slow, labored, impaired articulation; comprehension intact; ex: Tan |
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Term
| other expressive aphasia symptoms |
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Definition
| apraxia; dysprosody; perseveration; agrammatical speech; hemiplegia |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty executing voluntary motor commands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to repeat words or phrases |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to construct grammatically correct sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| partial, or one-sided paralysis: results because premotor area is adjacent to primary motor cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| aka Wernicke's or fluent aphasia; damage to left temporal lobe; deficits in speech comprehension (normal production); speech lacks content/meaning> neologisms, nonsense syllables/words, paraphasias |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mixing up letters in words |
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Term
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Definition
| aka receptive/expressive; widespread damage to L frontal and temporal; deficits in speech production and comprehension |
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Term
| Wernicke- Geshwind Model for repeating a spoken word |
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Definition
| 1. primary auditory cortex. 2. Wernicke's area. 3. arcuate fasciculus. 4. Broca's area. 5. primary motor cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to arcuate fasciculus; comprehension and production intact, but can't repeat words = not appropriate response to what you're saying |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| word finding difficulties |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1. primary visual cortex. 2. angular gyrus. 3. Wernicke's area. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Wernicke's area. 2. angular gyrus |
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Term
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Definition
| visual aspects of language |
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Term
| How do we know language is lateralized to the left |
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Definition
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Term
| function of posterior parietal lobe |
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Definition
| integrates sensory, motor, and memory info |
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Term
| inputs to posterior parietal lobe |
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Definition
| somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, infero-temporal cortex, motor cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus |
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Term
| outputs from posterior parietal lobe |
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Definition
| infero-temporal cortex, motor cortex, thalamus, midbrain, spinal cord |
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Term
| the posterior parietal lobe is active when |
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Definition
| see> want> reach; eye tracking object associated with award |
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Term
| damage to posterior parietal lobe results in |
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Definition
| spatial neglect, neglect of body, agnosias |
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Term
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Definition
| doesn't attend to stimuli on opposite side of body [from injury]- like the drawings |
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Term
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Definition
| reject opposite side body parts; hair, shave, dress |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to recognize sensory stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| can't name or locate body parts |
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Term
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Definition
| can't identify objects by touch |
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Term
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Definition
| can't recognize visual stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| impaired facial recogniztion- man who could recognize sheep, but not family |
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Term
| motor deficits associated with posterior parietal lobe damage |
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Definition
| problems with detailed motor acts; unusual posture; deviant eye position; oculomotor apraxia; optic ataxia; constructional apraxia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| no visually guided reaching abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| performing sequence of movements necessary for building or drawing objects is lacking |
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Term
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Definition
| highly processed sensory info; motor information and plans; memory; emotion |
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Term
| life without a prefrontal cortex symptoms |
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Definition
| hyperactivity, perseveration, follow-the-nose syndrome, difficulty using consequences of past to determine future actions; disinhibition; lack of planning |
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Term
| without prefrontal cortex you have no |
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Definition
| judgement, planning, normal emotional expression, personality |
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Term
| central control of autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
| periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, nucleus of the solitary tract of the medulla |
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Term
| preganglionic neurons of the ANS |
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Definition
| spinal cord, brainstem; innervate motor neurons of ANS |
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Term
| postganglionic neurons of ANS |
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Definition
| in autonomic ganglia- directly on organs |
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Term
| active during emergencies; flight or fight response |
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Definition
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Term
| active when calm; digestion, growth, energy storage |
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Definition
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Term
| preganglion in middle 2/3 of spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| preganglion in brainstem and sacral cord |
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Definition
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Term
| ganglion close to or in spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| ganglion close to or in target organs |
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Definition
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Term
| postganglion secrete norepinephrine |
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Definition
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Term
| postganglion secrete acetylcholine |
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Definition
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Term
| diffuse modulatory system |
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Definition
| synapses with > 100,000 neurons in CNS; en passant synapses |
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Term
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Definition
| axon is branching and making synapses with neurons along the way |
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Term
| noradrenergic system nuclei |
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Definition
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Term
| nordadrenergic system targets |
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Definition
| spinal cord, cerebellum, thalamus, cortex |
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Term
| noradrenergic system function |
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Definition
| activated by new/novel stimuli; increase arousal and responsiveness |
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Term
| serotonergic system nuclei |
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Definition
| Raphe nuclei [midline of brainstem] |
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Term
| serotonergic system targets |
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Definition
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Term
| serotonergic system function |
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Definition
| most active when aroused, active; control of sleep-wake cycles; mood |
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Term
| dopaminergic systems nuclei |
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Definition
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Term
| dopaminergic systems targets |
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Definition
| basal ganglia, nucleus accumbens, frontal lobe |
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Term
| dopaminergic systems functions |
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Definition
| initiating voluntary movement; part of 'reward system' |
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Term
| cholinergic systems nuclei |
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Definition
| basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei |
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Term
| cholinergic systems targets |
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Definition
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Term
| cholinergic systems functions |
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Definition
attention, arousal, sleep-wake cycles
responsible for Alzheimer's? |
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Term
| neuroendocrine system in charge of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mainting internal consistancy |
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Term
| networks involved in homeostasis |
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Definition
| precis neuron-neuron connections; release hormones into bloodstream; ANS; diffuse modulatory systems |
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Term
| periventricular nucleus is involved in homeostasis how? |
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Definition
| cells regulating the ANS and neurosecretory neurons make up the PVN |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized chemicals secreted into bloodsteam and carried to target organs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pituitary gland is connected to PVN by |
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Definition
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Term
| posterior pituitary gland |
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Definition
| neurosecretory cells of PVN release neurohormones directly into bloodstream; vassopressin, oxytocin. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| uterine contractions; milk secretion; NT of love |
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Term
| posterior pituitary glands have what kind of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| anterior pituitary glands have what kind of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| master gland; secretes tropic hormones to regulate other glands; controlled by PVN which secretes releaseing hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone release supplies this, which turns off the PVNs release of hormones. |
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Term
| negative feedback causes what? |
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Definition
| hormonal cycles: testoterone, cortisol, estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| menstrual cycle is regulated by what? |
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Definition
| LH and FSH- birth control inhibits the release of this to prevent pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| outer layer, part of HPA axis, secretes cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
| central 'core'; part of sympathetic system, secretes (nor)ephinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| hypothalamic pituitary adrenal |
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Term
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Definition
| inputs > PVN > CRH > pituitary gland > ACTH> adrenal cortex> cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral cortex, septum, amygdala, brainstem, spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| corticotropin releasing hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| adrenocortico tropic hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| increases energy available, increase blood glucose, breakdown proteins, shuts down repair/restoration |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. activate sympathetic nervous system. 2. activates HPA axis. 3. cortisol activates PVN, which ends release of CRH and ACTH |
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Term
| acute activation of stress response is adaptive because |
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Definition
| improves memory of event, so you avoid it next time- rats |
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Term
| patients with amnesia like NA (Nick's) can for mew long term memories for |
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Definition
| motor skills they practice |
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Term
| damaged in Nick, but not B.J. |
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Definition
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Term
| damaged or removed in both H.M. and R.B. |
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Definition
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Term
| damaged in both Nick and B.J. |
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Definition
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Term
| removed from H.M. but intact in R.B. |
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Definition
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Term
| in the Wernicke-Geschwind model, repeating a spoken word involved relaying information from |
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Definition
| auditory cortex to Wernicke's area to the arcuate fasciculus, to Broca's area, to primary motor cortex |
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Term
| what kind of synaptic connections is a neuron in a raphe nucleus from the brain stem most likely to make? |
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Definition
| diffuse modulatory connections |
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Term
| _____ regulate the activity of the anterior pituitary gland, while _____ regulate the activity of the other endocrine glands. |
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Definition
| releasing hormones, tropic hormones |
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Term
| the _______ in the medulla controls the autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
| nucleus of the solitary tract |
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Term
| postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division secrete the NT _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| affective values of a set of alternatives are used in decision making, planning future behaviors |
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Term
| which of the following is a symptom of damage to posterior parietal cortex? A: follow the nose syndrome. B: perseveration. C: deficits on delayed alternation tasks. D: visual agnosias. E: blunt affect |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac bypass surgery went awry |
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