Term
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Definition
| structurally related to dopamine, CNS stimulants/PNS indirect sympathomimetics, orally active with long half-life, increase respiration/motor activity/mood, induce insomnia, decrease apetite, side-effects of CV problems/metallic taste/loss of consciousness/HTN/seizures/neurodegeneration |
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Term
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Definition
| racemic 50:50 mixture, d-enantiomer more active, well-tolerated and efficacious up to 14 mo, for ADHD/narcolepsy, inhibits DA/NE uptake (stronger DA transporter affinity) |
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Term
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Definition
| d-isomer of methylphenidate, for ADHD, lasts 3-5h |
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Term
| Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine |
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Definition
| twice as powerful as methylphenidate, available as extended-release, for ADHD/narcolepsy/obesity, 4-5h short/8h intermediate/8-12h long forms |
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Term
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Definition
| rapidly absorbed by GI and converted to dextroamphetamine, lower abuse potential, inactive by inhalation/IV |
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Term
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Definition
| for psychosis/bipolar, contranidicated in CV conditions/glaucoma/use within 2 wks of MAOIs, very high abuse potential |
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Term
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Definition
| SNRI, long onset of effect (2-4wk), for ADHD/depression, side-effects of anorexia/dizzy/tired/mood swings/constipation/sexual dysfunction, potential for suicide/hepatotoxicity/weight loss/impaired motor skills |
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Term
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Definition
| activate mesolimbic dopamine system, bind biogenic amine transporters (amphetamine/MDMA), bind ionotropic receptors and ion channels (nicotine/PCP/ketamine), activate GPCRs (LSD/mescaline/psilobycin) |
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Term
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Definition
| ecstasy, seizures are #1 cause for ER admission |
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Term
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Definition
| street form, causes empathy/serenity/joy/insight/self-awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| for smoking cessation, 12 wk therapy, can induce seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment for aggression in autism |
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Term
| Things to ask about anxiety |
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Definition
| potential contributing stressors, caffeine intake, alcohol use, illicit drug use |
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Term
| Factors for choosing antidepressant |
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Definition
| anxious or lethargic, weight, medical problems, other meds, previous response, HALF DOSE FOR ANXIETY |
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Term
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Definition
| side-effects of GI/sxual dysfunction/anxiety/sleep disturbance |
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Term
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Definition
| side-effects of orthostasis, sedation, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, QT increase, lethal overdose |
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Term
|
Definition
| side-effects of sedation, orthostasis, HTN, drug interactions, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, Vitamin B6 deficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
| side-effects of sedation, dizziness, orthostasis |
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Term
|
Definition
| SARI, side-effects of liver failure |
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Term
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Definition
| SARI, side-effect of priapism |
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Term
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Definition
| SNRI, side-effects of GI/dizziness/sexual dysfunction/hypertension/anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| SNRI, also treats diabetic peripheral neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
| NDRI, side-effects of insomnia/dizziness/alexia/seizures, decreases nicotine craving, not helpful for anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| most effective in panic disorder |
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Term
| oxazepam/temazepam/lorazepam |
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Definition
| OTHER THAN LIVER, good for patients with hepatic impairment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Non-pharmacological treatment for anxiety |
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Definition
| relaxation training, cognitive behavioral treatment, psychotherapy, biofeedback, yoga, exercise, VR treatment |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| Barbituates, benzodiazepines, zolpidem/eszopiclone/aleplon/reamelteon |
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Definition
| GAPA-R activators for sleep aids, dampen ascending arousal system |
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Term
|
Definition
| melatonin MT1/2 receptor agonist |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle relaxant, decreases sarcoplasmic Ca2+ |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle relaxant, blocks ACh release from vesicle fusion |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle relaxant, GABA-B Receptor agonist in spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle relaxant, GABA-B Receptor agonist in spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle relaxants, a2-agonists in spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle relaxant, 5-HT2 antagonist in spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle relaxant, GABA-AR agonist in CNS motor centers |
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Term
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Definition
| plant-derived GABA-AR antagonist |
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Term
|
Definition
| GABA-AR competitive antagonist |
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Term
| Increase GABA-AR opening time, decrease REM |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Increase GABA-AR opening frequency, increase REM |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| metabolized to active by-products |
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Term
|
Definition
| active metabolite of diazepam, bioaccumulates |
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Term
|
Definition
| B-blocker, blunts acute anxiety autonomic reactions |
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Term
| meprobamate/gluethemide/etchlorvynol/methprylon |
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Definition
| cheaper and older barbituate-like drugs |
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Term
| diphenhydramine/hydroxyzine |
|
Definition
| antihistamines, H1-blockers |
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Term
|
Definition
| antidepressant with H1-blocker side effects |
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Term
|
Definition
| from st johns wort, citalopram-like (SSRI) effects |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| Off-label treatment for antipsychotics |
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Definition
| bipolar/mania, depression, disruptive behavior, PTSD, OCD/eating/anxiety disorders, alzheimer's dementia (not recommended) |
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Term
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Definition
| motor side-effects (extrapyramidal), no change in spinal reflexes, no change in nociception, patient easily aroused |
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Term
| Dopamine theory of psychosis |
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Definition
| increased mesolimbic pathway (positive symptoms), decreased mesocortical pathway (negative symptoms), increased serotonin of raphe pathway (dopamine hypofunction), decreased glutamate/NMDA (reduced cognition) |
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Term
|
Definition
| D2 antagonists, some a-adrenergic antagonism, side-effects of hypotension/endocrine effects/antiemetics/extrapyramidal symptoms/tardive dyskinesia/sedation |
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Term
|
Definition
| phenothiazene, muscarinic/a-adrenergic/histamine-1/dopamine antagonist |
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Term
|
Definition
| phenothiazine, muscarinic/dopamine antagonist |
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Term
|
Definition
| phenothiazine, strong dopamine antagonist |
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Term
|
Definition
| very strong D2 antagonist, high frequency of extrapyramidal side-effects, potent antipsychotic |
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Term
|
Definition
| target D2 and 5HT,cause weight gain/hyperlipidemia/hyperglycemia, off-label use for anxiety/panic/insomnia/OCD/PTSD/autism/Tourette's |
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Term
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Definition
| atypical, D4 antagonist, not a D2 antagonist,no tardive dyskinesia, MAY CAUSE AGRANULOCYTOSIS |
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Term
| Risperidone/paliperidone/iloperidone |
|
Definition
| atypicals, more effective than typical antipsychotics |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atypical, high a1/H1 affinity |
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Term
|
Definition
| atypical, high 5HT-2A/D2 affinity |
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Term
|
Definition
| atypicals, partial D2 agonists |
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Term
|
Definition
| thrombolytic, converts plasminogen to plasmin, treatment for stroke |
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Term
| PARP inhibition, deletion of nNOS, minocylcine |
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Definition
| neuroprotective in males but not females |
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Term
|
Definition
| neuroprotective for young females but not older females |
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Term
|
Definition
| awake to unconscious, normal ocular reflexes/muscle tone/respiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| increased muscle tone after unconsciousness, decreased ocular reflexes and respirations |
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Term
| Stage of Surgical Anesthesia |
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Definition
| decreased muscle tone/ocular reflexes, no response to incision |
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Term
| Stage of Medullary Depression |
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Definition
| over-dosed, respiratory/CV failure |
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Term
| halothane/thipental/propofol |
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Definition
| depressant general anesthetics, cause cortex and reticulothalamic depression |
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Term
| ketamine/fentanly and droperidol |
|
Definition
| dissociative general anesthetics, cause hyperactive reticulothalamic system to prevent meaningful processing |
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Term
| Halothane/isoflurane/enflurane/sevoflurane/desflurane |
|
Definition
| inhalation anesthetics, non-explosive and non-combustible due to halogenation |
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Term
|
Definition
| always a gas, boils out easily for good control |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| parenteral anesthetics, anxiolytic/amnestic/induction |
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Term
|
Definition
| parenteral anesthetics, induction |
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Term
|
Definition
| parenteral anesthetics, analgesia/induction/maintenance |
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Term
|
Definition
| parenteral anesthetics, anti-nausea |
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Term
|
Definition
| parenteral anesthetics, decrease secretions/bradycardia/nausea |
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Term
| proton pump or H2 blockers |
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Definition
| parenteral anesthetics, cause gastric acid resorption |
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Term
| depolarizing anti-nicotonic |
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Definition
| parenteral anesthetics, decrease muscle tone |
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Term
|
Definition
| most potent inhaled anesthetic (smallest MAC) |
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|
Term
| clinical concerns of general anesthesia |
|
Definition
| respiratory depression, impaired CV function, adrenergic hypertension |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes hyperkalemia and muscle pain |
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Term
|
Definition
| causes malignant hyperthermia with RYR1 ryanodine receptor mutation |
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Term
|
Definition
| causes hepatitis from conversion to free radical, direct damage and autoammune adduction |
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