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Definition
| a nerve that passes impulses from receptors toward or to the central nervous system. |
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| one of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, and is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space. |
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| responsible for the control of automatic bodily functions. |
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| that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord . |
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| 5. Central Nervous System |
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| the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. |
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| any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem. |
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| Cranio refers to the cranium, which is the bony part of the head. Sacral refers to the bony bottom of the spine called the sacrum. |
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| one of the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes dorsally to the spinal cord and that consists of sensory fibers. |
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| (or posterior root) is the afferent sensory root of a spinal nerve. Structure (pathway) through which sensory nerves enter the 'back' of the spinal cord. |
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| A collection of cell bodies of the sensory neurons that are part of the somatic peripheral nervous system. |
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| the outermost (and toughest) of the 3 meninges, covering the brain and the spinal cord. |
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| motor nerve, a nerve that conveys impulses toward or to muscles or glands. |
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| A collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS. |
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| greyish nervous tissue containing cell bodies as well as fibers; forms the cerebral cortex consisting of unmyelinated neurons. |
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| 15. Gray Ramus Communicantes |
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Definition
| each spinal nerve receives a branch, gray ramus communicans, from the adjacent ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. |
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| In the thoracic region, the postero-lateral part of the anterior column projects lateral ward as a triangular field, which is named the lateral column (lateral cornu, lateral horn). |
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| a membrane (one of 3) that envelops the brain and spinal cord. |
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| A nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers. |
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| a nerve that conveys impulses toward or to muscles or glands. |
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| A collection of nerve cell processes in the PNS. |
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| a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction. |
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| The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is a division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), along with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS or "bowels NS"). The ANS is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). ANS sends fibers to three tissues: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or glandular tissue. This stimulation, sympathetic or parasympathetic, is to control smooth muscle contraction, regulate cardiac muscle, or stimulate or inhibit glandular secretion. The actions of the parasympathetic nervous system can be summarized as "rest and digest". |
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| 23. Paravertebral Ganglia |
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Definition
| Along the length of the sympathetic trunk are ganglia known as ganglia of sympathetic trunk or paravertebral ganglia. The ganglia are distinguished as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral and, except in the neck, they closely correspond in number to the vertebrae. Cervical ganglia - 3 ganglia, thoracic ganglia - 12 ganglia, lumbar ganglia - 5 ganglia, and sacral ganglia - 4 ganglia. |
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| 24. Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord. |
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| the highly vascular innermost (deep) of the 3 meninges. |
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| in the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the ganglion to the effector organ. |
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| In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the CNS to the ganglion. |
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| sympathetic ganglia which lie between the sympathetic chain and the organ of supply. They are the site of relay of the postganglionic sympathetic fibres that supply abdominal and pelvic viscera. |
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| a nerve that passes impulses from receptors toward or to the central nervous system. |
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Relates to the body and its external environment. Anatomically, body wall: head, neck, limbs (bones, skeletal muscle and skin.
Functionally, hearing, seeing, touching, proprioception (knowing where you are without looking), getting from point A to point B. |
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| a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain. |
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| any of the 31 pairs of nerves emerging from each side of the spinal cord (each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal). |
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| any of several nerves of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system that innervate viscera and blood vessels. |
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| The part of the autonomic nervous system that under stress raises blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels and dilates the pupils. |
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| are a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx. A network of nerves along the anterior cervical and lumbar spine which control multiple functions including constriction and expansion of vessels. |
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| region of the spine at the juncture of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. |
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| a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers following a path through the brain (similar to the ganglia?). |
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| one of two the two roots of a spinal nerve that passes ventrally from the spinal cord and that consists of motor fibers. The ventral region of the spinal cord containing neuronal cell bodies. |
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| the ventral root (or anterior root) is the efferent motor root of a spinal nerve. A collection of efferent, motor nerves that exit the spinal cord. |
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Monitors and directs INTERNAL environment. Organs and glands (Internal).
Digesting, secreting, sweating. |
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Definition
| A region of the central nervous system containing myelinated nerve fibres and no dendrites. |
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| 42. White Ramus Communicantes |
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Definition
| The thoracic, and the first and second lumbar nerves each contribute a branch, white ramus communicans, to the adjoining (joining) sympathetic ganglion. |
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Definition
| the anterior division of the forebrain; the cerebrum and related parts of the hypothalamus. |
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| the posterior division of the forebrain; connects the cerebral hemispheres with the mesencephalon. |
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| midbrain, the middle portion of the brain. |
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| the part of the hindbrain (the posterior portion of the brain including brainstem and cerebellum) that develops into the pons and the cerebellum. |
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| the posterior part of the hindbrain in developing vertebrates; forms the medulla oblongata in adults. |
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| a tube of ectodermal tissue in the embryo from which the brain and spinal cord develop. |
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| is a neural structure in the embryonic nervous system, part of the dorsal side of neural tube, that involves the communication of general somatic and general visceral sensory impulses. It later becomes sensory axon part of the spinal cord. |
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| In the developing nervous system, the basal plate is the region of the neural tube ventral to the sulcus limitans. It extends from the rostral mesencephalon to the end of the spinal cord and contains primarily motor neurons, whereas neurons found in the alar plate are primarily associated with sensory functions. The cell types of the basal plate include lower motor neurons and four types of interneuron (multipolar neuron which connects afferent neurons and efferent neurons in neural pathways. Like motor neurons, interneuron cell bodies are always located in the central nervous system). |
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Definition
1. Location: Central vs. Peripheral
2. Direction of Information flow: Afferent (Somatic and Visceral) vs Efferent (Somatic and Autonomic)
3. Functional, but with a definite anatomical basis. Depends on information sources and targets: Somatic vs. Autonomic |
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| Neuroanatomical Directions |
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Definition
1. Superficial/Rostral (top)
2. Inferior/Caudal (bottom)
3. Anterior/Ventral (front)
4. Posterior/Dorsal (back) |
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| Connection between 2 neurons. |
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| Pain originating in one part of the body, but is felt in another part of the body. |
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| Sections of the body: Neck, Nipples, Umbilicus, Inguinal |
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Definition
Neck: C3
Nipples: T4
Umbilicus: T10
Inguinal: L1 |
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| an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. |
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| used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root. It is the motor equivalent of a dermatome. |
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Definition
1. Organ --> Sympathetic & Parasympathetic --> Autonomic (Visceral Afferents) --> Afferent --> PNS --> CNS -->
1. CNS --> PNS --> Efferent --> Autonomic --> Sympathetic and Parasympathetic --> Organ
2. Organ --> Somatic --> Afferent --> PNS --> CNS
2. CNS --> PNS --> Efferent --> Somatic --> Organ |
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