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Neuropsych
Test 1
101
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
10/01/2012

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Cards

Term
What factor of light determines hue?
Definition
Wavelength
Term
What factor of light determines brightness?
Definition
Intensity
Term
These cells respond to straight lines in a certain orientation
Definition
Simple cells
Term
These cells respond to particularly oriented lines and moving lines
Definition
Complex cells
Term
The dorsal stream responds to "where" or "what"?
Definition
Where
Term
The ventral stream responds to "where" or "what"?
Definition
What
Term
What part of the brain is connected to the Dorsal Stream?
Definition
Posterior Parietal Cortex
Term
What part of the brain is connected to the Ventral Stream?
Definition
Inferior Temporal Cortex
Term
What part of the sound wave determines pitch?
Definition
Frequency
Term
What part of the sound wave determines loudness?
Definition
Intensity
Term
Where is the auditory cortex located?
Definition
Superior temporal gyrus (Heschl's gyrus)
Term
What is contained within the inner and outer hair cells?
Definition
Cilia
Term
How do hair cells transmit sensation?
Definition
Movement of cilia produces changes in the membrane potential and release NTs
Term
Where are Pacinian Corpuscles located?
Definition
Skin
Term
Where are free nerve endings located?
Definition
Skin
Term
What do Pacinian corpuscles sense?
Definition
Touch
Term
What do free nerve endings sense?
Definition
Pain
Term
What system is involved in fine touch?
Definition
Dorsal-column medial-lemniscus system
Term
What system is involved in pain and temperature?
Definition
Anterolateral system
Term
Where is the somatosensory cortex located?
Definition
Postcentral gyrus
Term
Types of Taste receptors?
Definition
Saltiness, sourness, sweetness, bitterness, umami
Term
Taste receptors respond to what?
Definition
Chemicals
Term
What do olfactory receptors respond to?
Definition
Chemicals
Term
Is taste represented ipsilaterally or contra laterally?
Definition
ipsilaterally
Term
Collections of cell bodies
Definition
Gray matter
Term
Collections of axons covered with myelin sheath
Definition
White matter
Term
A large number of cell bodies grouped together
Definition
Nucleus (ganglion)
Term
A large number of axons grouped together
Definition
Tract (nerve)
Term
Who believed the heart was the source of behavior?
Definition
Aristotle
Term
Who believed the brain was the source of behavior?
Definition
Plato and Galen
Term
Study of the relationship between the brain and behavior
Definition
NeuroPsych
Term
Study of the brain medically
Definition
Neurology
Term
Overall field which encompasses NeuroPsych, Neurology, etc.
Definition
Neuroscience
Term
Who believed an interaction of the mind and body produced behavior?
Definition
Decartes
Term
Who developed the Hierarchical Model?
Definition
Hughlings-Jackson
Term
Who developed the Neuron Hypothesis?
Definition
Cajal
Term
Who developed the idea of Anti-localization?
Definition
Goltz
Term
Who developed the NerveNet Hypothesis?
Definition
Golgi
Term
Afferent neurons are also known as
Definition
Sensory neurons
Term
Efferent neurons are also known as
Definition
Motor neurons
Term
Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons
Definition
Interneurons
Term
The electrical charge of a neuron
Definition
Membrane potential
Term
Rapid reversal of membrane potential
Definition
Action potential
Term
Voltage level that triggers an action potential
Definition
Threshold of excitation
Term
Tendency for molecules to distribute themselves evenly
Definition
Force of diffusion
Term
The force exerted by ions to repel or attract each other
Definition
Electrostatic pressure
Term
Which ions are in Intracellular fluid?
Definition
K+, A-
Term
Which ions are in Extracellular fluid?
Definition
Na+, Cl-
Term
Molecular exchange in the Sodium-Potassium Pump
Definition
3 Na+ out for 2K+ in
Term
Conduction of an action potential from Node of Ranvier to Node of Ranvier down a myelinated axon.
Definition
Saltatory conduction
Term
Depolarization produced by the opening of NT-dependent Na+ or Ca2+ channel
Definition
EPSPs
Term
Hyperpolarization produced by the opening of NT-dependent K+ or Cl- channel
Definition
IPSPs
Term
Receptors on the terminal button that regulate the release of NTs
Definition
Autoreceptors
Term
Two mechanisms of sedative influence
Definition
1. Decrease metabolic activity in neurons; 2. Increase sensitivity of GABAa receptors.
Term
What type of drug are barbiturates?
Definition
Sedative
Term
What type of drug are benzodiazepines?
Definition
Sedative
Term
What type of drug is alcohol?
Definition
Sedative
Term
What type of drug is nicotine?
Definition
Stimulant
Term
What type of drug is amphetamine?
Definition
Stimulant
Term
What type of drug is cocaine?
Definition
Stimulant
Term
Effects of Hallucinogens
Definition
modify perception, produce hallucinations
Term
Mechanism of stimulants
Definition
Stimulate the CNS and activate behavior
Term
What type of drug is PCP?
Definition
Hallucinogen
Term
What type of drug is THC?
Definition
Hallucinogen
Term
Mechanism of Anti-Schizophrenic drugs
Definition
Block DA receptors
Term
Mechanism of anti-depressant drugs
Definition
Act as monoamine agonists
Term
Function of Narcotic analgesic drugs
Definition
Reduce pain
Term
What type of drug is meperidine?
Definition
Narcotic analgesic
Term
NT implicated in sleep regulation
Definition
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Term
Building blocks of NTs
Definition
Precursors (+ ensyme)
Term
What dopamine system's degeneration is linked to Parkinson's?
Definition
Nigrostriatal
Term
What dopamine system's degeneration is linked to Schizophrenia?
Definition
Mesolimbic
Term
Is serotonin primarily inhibitory or excitatory?
Definition
Inhibitory
Term
GABA bonding to GABAa opens which channels?
Definition
Cl
Term
GABA bonding to GABAb opens which channels?
Definition
?
Term
LSD attaches to auto-receptors for what NT?
Definition
Serotonin
Term
Enzyme in the synaptic cleft that destroys NTs
Definition
AchE
Term
Enzyme in the neuron that destroys NTs
Definition
MAO
Term
Caffeine attaches to what receptors?
Definition
Adenosine
Term
Caffeine acts as an agonist of what NT?
Definition
Dopamine
Term
Large group of axons in the CNS
Definition
Tract
Term
Large group of axons in the PNS
Definition
Nerve
Term
The Basal Ganglia is made up of (4)
Definition
Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus and Sustania Nigra
Term
Destruction of Basal Ganglia leads to what kind of symtoms?
Definition
Hyper/hypo kinetic symptoms
Term
Huntington's is linked to a genetic abnormality, what is it?
Definition
C-A-G repeating 40+ times with more cases leading to shorter life
Term
regulates vision via dilation and narrowing
Definition
Pupil
Term
Pigmented muscle- controls the size of the pupil
Definition
Iris
Term
transparent, behind the pupil and iris, changes shape for focus. Flat and thin = focus on things far away. Round and think= focus on things close up
Definition
Lens
Term
Control the shape of the lens
Definition
Cilliary Muscles
Term
process by which the eye focuses on images at varying distances. Involves the lens and the cilliary muscles
Definition
Accomadation
Term
back of the eye- where the photoreceptors are located
Definition
Retina
Term
Area of the retina where we bring the image at hand into focus composed exclusively of cones
Definition
Fovea
Term
rods and cones: tranduce light into action potentials. Consist of opsin and retinal
Definition
Photoreceptors
Term
transduce bright light and able to see color (used for daytime vision)
Definition
Cones
Term
sensitive to dim light, only coding for the "intensiveness"( black and white) used for night vision
Definition
rods
Term
also known as the blind spot, no photoreceptors in this area
Definition
optic disk
Term
perceived location of an object differs between the 2 eyes. This is also why the blindspot is less evident. The blind spot of one eye is covered by the blind spot of the other
Definition
binocular (retinal disparity)
Term
type of neuron, synapse with photoreceptors and induce action potentials in ganglion cells
Definition
bipolar cells
Term
send axons into the brain, act as individual 'pixel' receptors
Definition
ganglion cells
Term
the hyperpolarization of photoreceptors caused by the splitting of photopigments
Definition
receptor potential
Term
part of visual field to which a neuron responds
Definition
receptive field
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