Term
| Causes reallocation of cortical territory |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanisms related to neural modifiability or the adaptability of the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| Occurs within the normal brain and also after injury to the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| With learning there is an increase in __ connection |
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Definition
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Term
| With learning there is an increase in __ and __ pathways dedicated to a task |
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Definition
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Term
| Currently there is work being done to understand brain circuitry enough to replace damaged neurons with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Functionally appropriate neural connections can be created post brain damage by doing what the brain normally does which is __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 roles the PT has in motor re-learning |
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Definition
1. Reorganize brain to restore functional loss after injury
2. Inhibit or teach compensatory techniques |
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Term
| Re-acquisition of prior skill |
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Definition
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Term
| Alternative strategy for movement that can be adapted to complete a task |
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Definition
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Term
| Learning re-organizes the brain with or without what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do individuals teach themselves compensatory techniques? |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal response to brain damage |
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Definition
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Term
| Is compensation techniques always good? |
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Definition
| No they can be maladaptive and inhibitive of ipsilateral cortex |
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Term
| Use of a less affected limb as compensation results in restructuring and neuronal growth in which hemisphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Brain damage results in changes in what 3 things? |
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Definition
1. Neurons and non neuronal brain cells
2. Neurodegenerative and neuroplastic changes in connected regions
3. There is a loss of brain tissue that is replaced with CSF |
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Term
| Name the summary of system events following neural injury |
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Definition
1. Depression of neural activity
2. Cellular changes
3. Edema (intracellular fluid, blood, neurolytic proteins)
4. Enzymatic degradation
5. Neuronal death/degeneration |
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Term
| Name 2 changes in neuronal function in response to cascade |
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Definition
1. Denervation supersensitivity
2. Cortical reorganization |
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Term
| Reduction cortical excitability in area of injury. Decrease in cortical representation of peretic muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| A sudden loss of function in a portion of the brain connected to but at a distance from the damaged area. Function may be restored spontaneously with gradual readjustment of hte intact but suppressed areas |
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Definition
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Term
| Neural reorganization as a result of increased use in functionally-oriented tasks |
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Definition
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Term
| What does use-dependent reorganziation mean? |
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Definition
| Get up and moving to re-wire the brain |
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Term
| Capacity of the brain to adapt to injury thru mechanisms such as repair and change |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 short term neuroplastic changes |
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Definition
1. Synaptic efficiency
2. Synaptic strength |
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Term
| Name 3 neuroplastic long term changes |
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Definition
1. Structural organization
2. Number of connections
3. neurons dedicated to a task |
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Term
| Name 4 neuroanatomical mechanisms |
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Definition
1. Neural Growth
2. Regenerative Synaptogenesis
3. Reactive Synaptogenesis
4. Unmasking silent synapses |
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Term
| Neural growth is related to what type of growth factors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sprouting associated with injury axons. Injured cells can sprout new dendrites, axons will go to the same site they used to. |
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Definition
| Regenerative synaptogenesis |
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Term
| Where the axon takes a different path than it used to. Collateral sprouting. Associated with dendritic fibers from neighboring axons |
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Definition
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Term
| New research shows that adult neural stem cells generate new brain cells in the central part of the what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Very slow to turn into new neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 things that stem cells can do |
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Definition
1. remain a stem cell
2. Turn into a neuron
3. become part of the brains support network |
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Term
| Provide structure, nourish, and decompose |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Normal learning involves changes in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When you have a peripheral lesion, areas __ to the lesion become more active |
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Definition
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Term
| When you have a central lesion it results in alterations of __ __ and changes in patterns |
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Definition
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Term
| When you have a hemispheric lesion the ipsilateral cortex takes over and you have __ pathways and __ distribution |
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Definition
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Term
| Means an increased or decreased receptor sensitivity. Long term potentiation or effectiveness of neural pathways. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do neural changes occur spontaneously or thru long term changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is important in shaping cortical maps |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Research shows that post-CVA motor map reorganization proceeds as __ process, influenced by same principles driving change int he intact nervous system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the post-CVA motor map reorganization proceed as competitive without skilled training? |
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Definition
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Term
| When neural circuits are not used what 3 things can happen? |
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Definition
1. If they are not actively engaged for an entended period of time they begin to degrade.
2. Reallocation of cortical terriotory when not used
3. Failure to engage the brain system can lead to functional degradation |
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Term
| Plasticity can be induced with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Improvements in sensory and motor performance brought on by skill training are accompanied by profound __ in the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| Vital for improving the potency of other treatments (grafts or neurostimulants) |
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Definition
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Term
| Mere use of a limb is not adequate. What 2 things are required to produce changes in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| __ of unskilled movements or already acquired motor skills does not increase plasticity |
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Definition
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Term
| Required to induce lasting changes |
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Definition
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Term
| Sufficient levels of __ are required for patients to obtain reorganization sufficient for continued use outside of therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| __ intensity will induce long term changes |
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Definition
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Term
| Is it possible to overuse impaired extremeties with extreme amounts of use very early after the insult to the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| __ treatment should be done very early after insult, followed by rehab driving reorganization |
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Definition
| Neuroprotective treatment |
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Term
| __ week rehab starting at day __ was superior to starting at day 30 |
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Definition
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Term
| To promote neuroplasticity patients must do what 3 things? |
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Definition
1. Attend to a task
2. Be motivated
3. Emotions help |
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Term
| Can plasticity occur if a pt is not paying attention to a task? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neuroplastic responses are __ with age |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the aging brain responsive to experience? |
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Definition
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Term
| Research found that in older animals the infarct size was _ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability of platicity within one set of neural circuits to promot concurrent or subsequent plasticity (TMS and TDCS) |
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Definition
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Term
| Previous behavior experiences can promote what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Promotes a "fertile" environment for neural changes to occur because it elevates neurotrophic factors |
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Definition
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Term
| Can behavior interfere with motor learning? |
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Definition
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Term
| Early skill training focused on the __ limb can impair performance with the other limb. |
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Definition
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Term
| __ instructions can impair learning after a stroke |
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Definition
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