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Neurophysiology
Neurophysiology for COMD majors
89
Physiology
Graduate
07/26/2012

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
cervical nerves
Definition
8 pairs
Term
thoracic nerves
Definition
12 pairs
Term
lumbar nerves
Definition
5 pairs
Term
sacral nerves
Definition
5 pairs
Term
coccygeal nerves
Definition
1 pair
Term

SVA

sense of smell

Definition

Olfactory

CN I

Term

SSA

Vision

Definition

Optic

CN II

Term

GSE

Muscle movements of eyes

Definition

Occulomotor

CN III

Term

GSE

Motor movements of eyes

Definition

Trochlear

CN IV

Term

SVE- muscles of jaw, mastication, articulation, swallowing

GSA- sensory info from face and tongue and inside of mouth

pain and touch

Definition

Trigeminal

CN V

Term
GSE- motor movements of the eyes
Definition

Abducens

VI

Term

GVE- excretion of mucus

SVE- muscles of facial expression- mouth, forehead, eyelids

SVA- taste buds on anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Definition

Facial

VII

Term
SSA- Hearing
Definition

Vestibulocochlear

CN VIII

Term

SVA- taste on posterior 1/3 of the tongue

GVA- touch on the tongue

GVE- regulation of secretion

SVE- stylopharyngus muscle

Definition

Glossopharyngeal

CN IX

Term

SVE- muscles of pnarynx and larynx and velum

GVA- vocal and swallowing tract general sensation

SVA- taste on epiglottis and glottis

GVE- muscles to glands thoracic and abdominal viscera

Definition

Vagus

CN X

Term
SVE- sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Definition

Spinal Accessory

CN XI

Term
GSE- innervates muscles of the tongue with the exception of palatoglossu
Definition

Hypoglossal

CN XII

Term

CNs with bilateral cortical innervation

 

Definition
V, VII, IX, X
Term
Muscles for speech and swallow innervated by CN:
Definition
V, VII, IX, X, XII
Term
LMN Damage
Definition

paresis/paralysis

atrophy

fasiculation

fibrillations

hyporeflexia

flaccidity

Term
flaccid dysarthria
Definition

unilateral or bilateral CN damage

muscle disease/disease process

reduced force, range, and speed of movement of articulators

Term
UMN damage
Definition

loss or reduction of voluntary skilled movements

spasticity

hypertonicity

hyperreflexia

Term
Thalamic Pain Syndrome
Definition

destruction of sensory relay nuclei in ventral posterior nuclei of thalamus

increased of decreased threshold for deep and superficial sensation

altered auditory perception

burning/kinfe- like pain

Term
Damage to Basal Ganglia Circuits
Definition

Hypokinesia-reduced mobility

hyperkinesia- involuntary movement

Term
dyskinesia
Definition
disordered movement
Term
myoclonus
Definition
brief involuntary twitching of a muscle or muscle group
Term
tic
Definition

involuntary muscle twitch

associated with Turret's Syndrome

Term
Chorea
Definition
irregular, rapid, uncontrolled, involuntary excessive movement
Term
Ballism
Definition
sudden violent involuntary movement
Term
athetosis
Definition
involuntary convoluted writhing movements
Term
dytonia
Definition
sudden change in muscle tone
Term
spasm
Definition
sudden brief contraction of muscle
Term
resting tremor
Definition
muscle contracting while muscle is at rest
Term
intention tremor
Definition
involuntary movement as muscle is being voluntarily contracted
Term
parkinson's disease
Definition

lack of dopamine due to substantia nigra degeneration

BG lesions

bradykinesia

rigidity

resting tremors

postural instability

Term
bradykinesia
Definition
slow movements
Term
Huntington's Chorea
Definition

BG damage

Affects striatum- overactivity of dopamine

widespread continuous choreiform movements

reduced muscle tone

progressive dementia

Term
tardive dyskinesia
Definition

choreiform movements of face mouth and tongue

BG lesions

prolonged use of drugs/antipsychotics esp

Term
Hemiballismus
Definition

vascular lesion in subthalamic nuclei of BG

sudden flinging movement of limbs

contralateral affect to body

Term
ataxia
Definition

lack of voluntary muscle coordination

Cerebellar lesions

Term
dysdiadochokinesia
Definition

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

cerebellar lesions

Term
ataxic dysarthria
Definition

cerebellar lesions

slowness and inaccuracy in articulatory movements

disruptions in muscle tone

inconsistent and irregular function of articulators

 

Term
dysmetria
Definition

cerebellar lesions

overshoot or undershoot of intended movement position

Term
hypotonia
Definition

cerebellar lesions

lack of muscle tone

Term
disequilibrium
Definition

lack of equilibrium

diagnosed with Romburg test

cerebellar lesions

Term
Friedreich's Ataxia
Definition
degenerative disease of cerebellum
Term
Nystagmus
Definition

eyes are continually re-focusing, become jerky and shifty with rapid movement

cerebellar lesion

Term
kinesthesia
Definition
sensation of movement
Term
sterognosis
Definition
identifying something by touch
Term
graphesthesia
Definition
identifying letters "drawn" on the skin
Term
stapedius ennervated by?
Definition
CN VII
Term
tensory tympani ennervated by?
Definition
CN V
Term
meinere's disease
Definition

damage to hair cells

excess fliud which impacts hearing and balance

vertigo, tinnitus

Term
damage to cerebellopontomedullary junction
Definition

reduced ability to understand speech dispropportionate to hearing loss

Damage to CN VIII

Term
acoustic neuroma
Definition

tumor on CN VIII

reduced hearing and disequilibrium

can affect CN V, VII

Term
vestibular schwannoma
Definition

tumor on CN VIII

reduced hearing and disequilibrium

can affect CN V, VII

Term
central auditory impairment
Definition

damage to central auditory pathway

normal hearing sensitivity

inability to perceive speech and understand language

 

Term
retrocochlear hearing loss
Definition

damage in spiral ganglion or in CN VII b/f it reaches auditory system

normal hearing

reduced ability to understand speech

Term
superior olivary complex lesions
Definition

minimal loss of hearing sensitivity

inability to identify and localize source of a sound

Term
lateral lemniscus lesions cause
Definition

difficulty with speech in noise- can't pull signal out of background noise

difficulty understanding and following conversations

Term
inferior colliculus lesions cause
Definition

deficits in integration of auditory/visual info- slowed motor reflexes

reduced ability to process and screen patterns of speech

reduced auditory attention

Term
damage to MGB causes
Definition

reduced ability to select and attend to auditory info

reduced ability to activate emotional/visceral functions associated with auditory stimuli

difficulty with linguistic processing of speech

 

Term

unilateral primary cortex lesions causes

 

Definition
impaired ability to discriminate and process speech
Term
bilateral primary cortex lesion causes
Definition
hearing sensitivity and speech perception profoundly impaired
Term
damage to association cortex in left hemisphere
Definition
aphasia
Term
damage to association cortex in right hemisphere
Definition

problems processing environmental sounds

non-verbal memory deficit

musical and prosodic interpretation difficulty

Term
damage to amygdala
Definition
behavioral changes
Term
deterioration of hippocampus
Definition

leads to AD

anterograde memory deficits- can't form new memories

Term
damage to cingulate gyrus
Definition
anxiety and obsessive compulsive behaviors
Term
lesions in septum
Definition

problems w/ hormone secretion

behavioral reactions

faulty memory facilitation

Term
pyramidal tracts
Definition

corticobulbar

corticospinal

Term
extrapyramidal tracts
Definition

corticorubral

rubrospinal

reticulospinal

Term
damage to reticular formation
Definition

irregularities in sleep, BP, pulse, respiration, vigilance, states of consciousness

tremors

altered muscle tone

Term
adipsia
Definition
absence of thirst
Term
aphagia
Definition
inability or refusal to swallow
Term
ventral posterior lateral thalamic nuclei
Definition
relays somatosensory sensation from neck, trunk, and extremities
Term
ventral posterior medial thalamic nuclei
Definition
relays somatosensory info from face
Term
ventral anterior thalamic nuclei
Definition
facilitates skilled movements and initiates voluntary movements
Term
ventrolateal thalamic nucleus
Definition

coordinates and integrates voluntary motor function

language/speech

Term
lateral posterior thalamic nucleus
Definition
participates in integrating and transcodingmultiple sensory modalities underlying higher mental functions
Term
pulvinar thalamic nucleus
Definition
contributes to language formulation, processing, lexical properties, reading, and writing
Term
intralaminar thalamic nuclei
Definition
modulates excitability of cortex and overal function of basal ganglia
Term
pseudobulbar palsy
Definition

bilateral effect on motor control of speech

effect on emotional response which can affect swallowing

Term
asynergia
Definition
impaired ability to coordinates different muscles in the performance of a skilled movement
Term
cogwheel rigidity
Definition
rhythmic interruption of resistance in a hypertonic muscle during passive manipulation 
Term
wilson disease
Definition
movement disorders due to copper metabolism impairments
Term
progressive supranuclear palsy
Definition
progressive gait and balance control problem with ocular difficulty
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