Term
| Receptors that activate acetylcholine |
|
Definition
Nicotinic N
Nicotinic M
Muscarinic |
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Term
| Sympathetic nervous system only neurotransmitters (2) |
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Definition
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine |
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|
Term
| What organ secretes epinephrine? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| cholinergic receptor subtypes |
|
Definition
nicotinic m
nicotinic n
muscarinic |
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Term
| adrenergic receptor subtypes |
|
Definition
alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1
beta 2
dopamine |
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Term
| name six categories of cholinergic drugs |
|
Definition
muscarinic agonists
muscarinic antagonists
ganglionic stimulating agents
ganglionic blocking agents
neuromuscular blocking agents
cholinesterase inhibitors |
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|
Term
cholinergic- muscarinic agonists
how do they work? |
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Definition
| mimic the effects of acetylcholin at muscarinic sites |
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|
Term
cholinergic- muscarinic antagonists
how do they work? |
|
Definition
| block effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic sites |
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|
Term
cholinergic-ganglionic stimulating agents
how do they work? |
|
Definition
| mimic acetylcholine at Nicotinic N sites |
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|
Term
| cholinergic- ganglion blocking agents |
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Definition
| Block acetylcholine at Nicotinic N sites |
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Term
| Cholinergic- Neuromuscular blocking agents |
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Definition
| Block acetylcholine at nicotinic m sites |
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|
Term
cholinergic- cholinesterase inhibitors
how do they work? |
|
Definition
| prevent breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase. increases activation of all cholinergic receptors. |
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Term
| Uses of Muscarinic Agonists |
|
Definition
increases bladder tone
increases LES tone
increases GI motility |
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|
Term
| Example of Muscarinic Agonists drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adverse Reactions of direct acting Muscarinic Agonists |
|
Definition
Cardiovascular- hypotension, slowed HR
GI- increases salivation, increased gastric acid secretion, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, involuntary defacation.
Urinary tract- weakness in bladder wall or obstruction, contraction of bladder induced by bethanecol can cause rupture of the bladder.
exacerbation of asthma
dysrhythmia in hyperthyroid patients
myosis |
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|
Term
| What is Pilocarpine used for? |
|
Definition
| to constrict the pupil for the treatment of glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Toxicity of muscarinic agonists is treated with what drug? |
|
Definition
| Atropine (anticholinergic) |
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|
Term
| neostigmine (prostigmin) is used for: |
|
Definition
treatment of myasthenia gravis
reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade |
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|
Term
| physostigmine is used for: |
|
Definition
produce pupillary constriction in the treatment of glaucoma
treatment of anticholinergic poisoning |
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|
Term
| adverse reactions of indirect muscarinic agonists |
|
Definition
excessive muscarinic stimulation- drug works on both muscarinic and nicotinic m. myasthenia patients only need the nicotinic m receptor. (excessive salivation, increased gastric secretions, increased gi motility, urinary urgency, bradycardia, sweating, miosis)
depolorizing neuromuscular blockade if administered in toxic doses. death occurs from paralysis of respiratory muscles (treated with atropine) |
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Term
| irriversible acytylcholine inhibitors are used for: |
|
Definition
| treatment of glaucoma with echothiophate (phospholine iodide) |
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|
Term
| organophophate insecticides are what type of drug? |
|
Definition
| irreversable acytylcholine inhibitors (muscarinic agonists) |
|
|
Term
| sources of muscarinic poisoning |
|
Definition
| ingestion of certain mushrooms and overdose with direct muscarinic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors. |
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|
Term
| Muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic) mechanism of action |
|
Definition
| competitive inhibition of acetylcholine |
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|
Term
| Uses of Muscarinic antagonists |
|
Definition
preanesthetic medication (reduces respiratory secretions)
eye mydriasis
intestinal cramping and hypermotility, IBS
urinary antispasmodic
treatment of overactive bladder
asthma
parkinsonism
muscarinic agonist poisoning |
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|
Term
| Adverse reactions of anticholinergics (muscarinic antagonists) |
|
Definition
dry mouth
blurred vision
elevation of intraocular pressure
urinary retention
constipation
anhidrosis(decreased sweating)
tachycardia
complicates asthma by thickening and drying respiratory secretions |
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|
Term
| signs of muscarinic antagonist toxicity |
|
Definition
dry mouth, blurred vision, photophobia, hyperthermia, hallucinations, and delerium.
"dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter" |
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|
Term
| treatment of muscarinic antagonist toxicity |
|
Definition
| inderect acting cholinergic agonist-physostigmine |
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