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Neurons
Biology of Neurons
11
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/03/2012

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Term
soma
Definition
- cell body of the neuron
- holds the nucleus and genetic info
- synthesizes protein
Term
dendrites
Definition
- branches from the neuron's soma (cell body)
- majority of neuron input happens via the dendritic spine
Term
3 main types of neurons
Definition
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons
- internuerons
Term
motor neuron
Definition
- stimulates muscles
Term
sensory neuron
Definition
- provides sensory information to brain (touch, smell, vision, etc.)
Term
interneuron
Definition
- connect neurons to other neurons within the same region central nervous system (brain/spinal cord)
Term
synapse (function)
Definition
- coined from the Greek "syn-" ("together") and "haptein" ("to clasp")
- structure that permits neurons to send electrical or chemical signals to another cell
Term
synapse (biology)
Definition
- at the end of a neuron's axon
- consists of a neurotransmitter generator, synaptic gap, and
Term
axon
Definition
- carries electrical impulses from a neuron to other cells
- creates electrical impulses by means of ion channels (Na+/K+).
Term
myelin sheath
Definition
- lipid layer insulating the axon
- some have gaps (nodes of ranvier) that facilitate faster transmission
Term
neurotransmitter
Definition
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