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Definition
| a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system |
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Definition
| the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body. |
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Definition
| the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands. |
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Definition
| a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulse hops from one node to the next. |
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Definition
| a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon |
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Definition
| period of time after a neuron fires and is waiting for signal to fire again |
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Definition
| the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
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Definition
| the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| the tiny gap at the junction of a synapse |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers that transverse the synaptic gap between neurons, when released by a sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse. |
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Term
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Definition
| a neurotransmitter that, among its functions, triggers muscle contractions. |
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Definition
| movement, learning, attention, emotions, motor activity, mood |
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Definition
| mood, hunger, sleep, arousal, anger, body-temp, aggressiveness |
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Definition
| released in moment of danger, “fight-or-flight”, response, eating, sleeping |
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Definition
| released to cope with stress, increases heart rate, dilates pupils |
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Term
| 17. GABA(gammaaminobutryic acid)- |
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Definition
| major inhibitory neurotransmitter, calming, hunger, sleep. |
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Definition
| major excitatory neurotransmitter, memory and learning |
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Term
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Definition
| natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure |
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Term
| 20. Central Nervous System (CNS)- |
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| 21. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)- |
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Definition
| the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. |
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| 22. Autonomic Nervous System |
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Definition
| - the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms. |
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| 23. Somatic Nervous System |
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Definition
| the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles. |
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| 24. Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations |
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| 25. Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| neural “cables” containing many axons. The bundled axons which are part of the peripheral nervous system, connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs. |
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Definition
| neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system. |
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Definition
| central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and the motor outputs |
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Definition
| neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. |
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Definition
| a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response. |
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Definition
| interconnected neural cells |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destructions of brain tissue. |
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