Term
| On EMG, progressive decrease in amplitude during contraction is a classic sign of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do the following tests before you obtain the EMG or at least 10 days after the EMG? |
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Definition
Serum enzyme testing
AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
CPK (creatine phosphokinase)
LDH (lactic dehydrogenase) |
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Term
| CSF analysis: Oligoclonal bands used for suspected? |
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Definition
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Term
| CSF analysis: India ink smear used for suspected? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the H/A: Unilateral, pulsatile, associated with N/V, aggrevated by physical activity, photophobia/phonophobia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do not use triptans in patients with what? |
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Definition
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Term
Name this type of H/A: Bilateral location
Nonpulsating pain (such as pressure)
Mild to moderate intensity (may inhibit but not prohibit activities
No aggravation by continuing routine activities
No nausea or vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| Horner syndrome is associated with what H/A? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this H/A: Severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital and/or temporal pain lasting 15-180 minutes without treatment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Imitrex, 100% O2, ergotamines |
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Term
These are Triggers of?
Chewing Talking Jaw movements Brushing teeth Shaving Yawning |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tx of trigeminal neuralgia? |
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Definition
Tegretol
Dilantin
Baclofen |
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Term
| + Brudzinskis, + Kernig = ? |
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Definition
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Term
| High doses of Vit A or tetracycline can cause what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tx of pseudo tumor cerebra? |
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Definition
Weight reduction
Repeated LP to lower CSF pressure to 200 to 250 mmHg
Lasix |
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Term
| Unilateral cranial or facial pain which is non throbbing and centered around the eye, frontal or temporal regions, angle of mandible or high neck. Cervical Bruit. What is the diagnosis/Tx? |
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Definition
Carotid Artery Dissection
Anticoagulation |
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Term
| What is the tx of a low pressure cephalgia after a LP? |
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Definition
Force fluids
Infuse hypotonic fluids
Blood patch |
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Term
| Seizure with No alteration of conscious or awareness of the environment, why type of seizure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Unilateral spikes on an EEG represents? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of seizure: Sudden loss of consciousness
Tonic contraction
Loss of postural control |
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Definition
| (Tonic clonic, grand mal) |
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Term
| Infantile spasms or hypsarrhythmic is associated with what? Its tx is what? |
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Definition
Associated with mental retardation
Tx: Valproaic Acid |
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Term
| What is the tx of a febrile seizure? |
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Definition
Keep patient from developing excessive fever
No antiepileptic medications |
|
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Term
| chronic phenytoin therapy can cause what SE? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tx for status epileptica? |
|
Definition
Protection of the airway
Protection of the tongue
Protection of the head
IV access
Valium or Ativan |
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Term
| Patients can drive after a seizure free interval which ranges from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has pathology consisting of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular neuritic plaques? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tx of Alzheimers? |
|
Definition
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: tacine, donepezil, galatamine, or rivastigmine
Memantine |
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Term
| How do you treat tension H/A? |
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Definition
| Simple analgesics: Aspirin, acetaminophen, NSAIDs |
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Term
| How do you tx benign essential tremor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease is characterized by degeneration of cells in the substantia nigra? This causes a deficiency in what neurotransmitter? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment of Parkinson's? |
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Definition
| L-dopa & anticholinergic (Amantadine) |
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Term
| What meds can be used in conjugate with L-dopa or after l-dopa no longer has an effect, in patients with Parkinson's? |
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Definition
Carbidopa can reduce the dosage of L-dopa and reduce SE
Dopamine agonist (bromocriptine) can be used after L dopa becomes refractory |
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Term
| What gene is responsible for Huntington's disease? |
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Definition
| Short arm of chromosome 4 |
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Term
| What does a CT scan show in a patient with Huntington's? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment for restless leg syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Dopamine agonist or ropinirole |
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Term
| What cranial nerve is affected in Bell's Palsy? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you treat Bell's Palsy? |
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Definition
| Oral prednisone and acyclovir can be given. Tx is not necessarily necessary, it should resolve on its own. |
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Term
| If you suspect Guillain-Barre syndrome, what should be done? |
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Definition
Hospitalize the pt, to monitor respiratory status
Plasmaphoeresis Instituted ASAP |
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Term
| This disease has antibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptor on the muscle surface causing increased weakness? |
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Definition
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Term
| This disease presents with ptosis, diplopia, difficulty in chewing or swallowing, respiratory difficulties, limb weakness, weakness gets better with rest. |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you treat myasthenia gravis? |
|
Definition
| Anticholinesterase (Edrophonium) or pyridostigmine |
|
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Term
| What is Lambert-Eaton syndrome? |
|
Definition
Defective release of acetylcholine
Unlike myasthenia gravis, power increases |
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Term
| How do you treat Lambert-Eaton syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary causes of bacterial meningitis? |
|
Definition
Strep pneumonia
Neisseria meningitidis
Group B streptococci |
|
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Term
| A petechial rash, with other meningitis symptoms is characteristic of what pathogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment for meningitis for patients <3months? |
|
Definition
| Ampicillin and cefotaxime |
|
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Term
| What is the tx for meningitis for adults under 55? |
|
Definition
| Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin |
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Term
| What is the tx for meningitis for adults over 55? |
|
Definition
| Ampicillin + cefotaxime or cefritaxone + vancomycin |
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Term
| CSF should be sterile by how many hours after treatment of meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Viral meningitis is mostly commonly caused by? |
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Definition
| Enteroviruses (coxsackievirus, echoviruses), herpes virus 2, arthropod-borne viruses |
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Term
| What is the CSF opening pressure in bacterial meningitis? Viral meningitis? |
|
Definition
Bacterial: high
Viral: normal |
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Term
| How do you treat a brain abscess? |
|
Definition
| IV penicillin + chloramphenicol or Metronidazole |
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Term
| What is the most common spinal tumor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Non REM sleep, stages 3 and 4 are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are night terrors and sleep walking treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is narcolepsy managed? |
|
Definition
| Dextroamphetamine and moradinil |
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