Term
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Definition
| Stroke, migraine, seizures, dementia, Parkinsons, carpal tunnel, Bell's Palsy |
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Term
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Definition
| An acute blockage or hemorrhage of a blood vessel leading to the brain, causing inadequate blood supply. |
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Term
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Definition
| Weakness, paralysis of parts of the body, speech difficulties, if severe, loss of consciousness and death. |
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Term
| TIA: Transient ischemic attack |
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Definition
| Brief episode of cerebral ischemia, with blurry vision, slurring speech, numbness, paralysus. Red Flag, often predictive of more serious cerebral accident |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be an embolism hitting one hemisphere, very occluded arotid artery. |
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Term
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Definition
Should be urgently admitted to hospital to be watched for stroke.
If Lge artery: will cut out plaque: endorectomy or place a stint
Antiplatelet drugs
If middle sized artery, -caused by atrial fibrillation: ANtiplatelet drugs (Coumadin, Warfarin, Heparin) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Due to blockage of blood flow.
Lge vessel disease
Middle sized artery disease
Small vessel disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Atherosclerosis. Arteries narrowed from plaque. When narrowed, more easily occluded by a thrombus. Usually damages cortex. |
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Term
| Middle sized artery disease |
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Definition
Due to embolic event.
Atrial fibrillation: Atria don't contract, blood stagnates, in HT, form thrombus in atrium. Dislodges, from L. atrium, travels up aorta to carotid or vertebral artery. Usually damages cortex.
Deep vein thrombosis. Embolism from leg to R. HT-perforated septum- goes to L. HT, then to brain (cryptogenic stroke) -Not Common |
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Term
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Definition
Tiny arteries that penetrate deep into brain get occluded from degenerative changes from poorly controlled hypertension.
These arteries close up. Called Lacuna strokes. Knock off one axon or a nerve pathway. Results in pure motor or sensory deficit. Some vessels are silent, may not know. |
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Term
| Ischemic stroke treatment |
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Definition
For Lge vessel: platelet inhibitors.
Anticoagulants best for atril fibrillation stroke.
1. IV thrombolytic agent to dissolve clots. Only up to 3 hours.
2. Intra- arterial thrombolytic agent: 6 hours. Admin TPA directly into artery.
3. Mechanical retrieval device: more than 6 hours: Insert drill into thrombus, pull out the clot. |
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Term
| Less common causes of stroke: young people |
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Definition
Drugs: methamphetamines- lead to hemorrhagic
Carotid dissection: apiece of wall comes off, attracts thrombosis, occludes blood supply to brain: ischemic
Risk factors for carotid dissection: violent cough, vomiting, high veloc. chiropractic |
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Term
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Definition
Blood vessel bursts, blood leaks out in or around brain. Usually worse prognosis than ischemic.
Intercerebral, subarachnoid or subdural. |
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Term
| Main arteries supplying brain |
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Definition
Carotid: anterior circulation
Vertebral basilar system: 2 join at back to form basilar artery: posterior circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Bell's palsy. Facial droop, often can't close eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| Eyelid droops, eyeball turns to side and down. Major cause is vasculitic: diabetes, stroke, HTN |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls lateral eye mvt. Get a cross eye, double vision when looking to side. Extra cause: High intracranial pressure. |
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Term
| Cranial nerve symptoms: Vertigo |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial nerve symptoms: Diplopia |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial nerve symptoms: Facial numbness |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial nerve symptoms: Dysphagia |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial nerve symptoms: Brainstem stroke, sideways tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial nerve symptoms: Brainstem stroke: uvula deviates to one side |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A red flag for Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Intensity is maximal at onset, sudden onset. |
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Term
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage signs |
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Definition
| Thunderclap headache, nausea, vomiting, rapidly decreasing level of consciousness, stiff neck, high BP, signs of blood and xanthochromium on lumbar puncture, |
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Term
| Stroke Symptoms:Anterior cerebral artery |
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Definition
Paralysis mainly of opposite leg and mild arm involvement
Sensory deficit
Altered mentation, confusion, judgement and impaired insight, gait apraxia, bowel and bladder incontinence |
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Term
| Stroke Symptoms: Middle Cerebral artery |
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Definition
Common!
Paralysis of opposite side: arm face worse than leg
Sensory deficits
Blindness in half of visual field
Aphasia, Inability to recognize known abjects (agnosia) |
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Term
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Definition
| Disarthria, Expressive aphasia, Receptive aphasia |
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Term
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Definition
| Speech deficit: problem of mechanical mvt in mouth and tongue from cranial nerve disorder. No damage in language cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of spoken language knocked out. Problem with language cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Can't understand language |
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Term
| Stroke Symptoms: Posterior cerebral artery |
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Definition
Blindness in 1/2 visual field
3rd nerve paralysis
Lack of visual recognition
Altered mental state with impaired memory
Cortical blindness(normal, eye, problem in interpreting signal) |
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Term
| Stroke Symptoms: Vertebrobasilar system |
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Definition
Vertigo (world is spinning)
Nystagmus
Dysphagia
Facial numbness
Dysarthria
Contralateral loss of pain and temperature
Diplopia and visual field defects, double vision
Bilateral spasticity
Syncope, drop attacks |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple cognitive deficits including memory impairment- progressive loss of cognitive ability and memory due to neurological problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common is Alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
Apraxia, amnesia, aphasia, agnosia
Apraxia: Problems carrying out intricate manual tasks
amnesia: loss of memory
agnosia: inability to recognize things or people |
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Term
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Definition
Excluding other causes. Deposition of plaque in brain, neurofibrillary tangles, beta amyloid.
Tangles damage microtubules and kill neurons, plaques damage brain |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic mutations (Down's), |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory and cognitive deficit |
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Term
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Definition
| Psycho behavioral problems: depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, agitation, paranoid delusions |
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Term
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Definition
Similar to MI, Heart disease:
Diabetes, HTN, high cholersterol, obesity, gender: female, age, repeated head trauma, genetic mutations |
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Term
| Alzheimers Protective factors |
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Definition
| Higher education, active mind and body, mind challenging exercises |
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Term
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Definition
Acute confusional state, global depressed brain function, language, math, memory...
Usually irreversible
Insidious onset |
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Term
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Definition
| (Being drunk), pneumonia, diabetes, hypoglycemia, drugs, end stage LV disease, renal failure |
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