Term
| Responsible for regulatory functions such as hunger, thirst, body temperature, sleep/wake, basic movement, learning. |
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Definition
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Term
| Relay center for sensory information |
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Definition
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Term
| Controls all aspects of motivation (pleaure and pain) and regulatory behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| Master gland that is closely associated with the regulation and secretion of hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Constellation of over 90 nuclei at the base of the brainstem |
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Definition
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Term
| Bundles of fibers and projections that pass from the spinal cord to the forebrain. |
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Definition
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Term
Involved in aspects of learning as well as coordinating smooth, coordinated movement.
Walking
Posture
Equilibrium |
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Definition
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Term
| Role in emotion, learning, and memory as well as spacial learning and memory of odors |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three parts of the limbic system and what do they do? |
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Definition
Hippocampus - learning and memory
Amygdala - emotional responses, learning, and memory of emotion
Fornix - a bundle of axons that connects the hippocampus to other areas of the brain |
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Term
| Planning and executing movements takes place |
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Definition
Anterior to the central sulcus
(Primary motor cortex) |
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Term
| Sensory center, (sensation, perception, learning) occurs.... |
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Definition
| Posterior to the central sulcus |
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Term
| Which side of the brain is better at analyzing information, for example recognizing patterns and serial events |
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Definition
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Term
| Which side of the brain is better at synthesis, or putting together bits of information to form a complete picture? |
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Definition
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Term
| Our perceptions and memories are unified by the... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three major parts of the basal ganglia? |
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Definition
| caudate nucleus, putamen, and the globuspallidus. |
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Term
| Control of fine motor movement, production of dopamine |
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Definition
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Term
| Three levels of meninges are.... |
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Definition
Dura Mater
Arachnoid membrane
Pia Mater |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Epideral hematoma is caused by |
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Definition
| Arterial bleeding from the middle meningeal artery |
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Term
| Subderal hematoma is caused by |
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Definition
| Venous bleed from cerebral veins at the superior sagittal sinus |
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Term
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused by |
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Definition
| Arterial from cerebral arteries between arachnoid membrane and pia mater |
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Term
| Where do you do a lumbar puncture? |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal pressure hydrocephalus is caused by |
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Definition
| Decreased CSF absorption at the arachnoid villi |
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Term
| Middle cerebral artery stroke affects... |
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Definition
| Contralateral motor/sensory deficits in face and arm |
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Term
| Anterior Cerebral Artery strokes affect |
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Definition
| Contralateral motor and sensory deficits in the legs |
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Term
| Upper motor neuron disorders |
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Definition
| Spastic, hyper-reflex, sudden unmotivated laughing or crying |
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Term
| Triad of symptoms for Wernicke's encephalopathy |
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Definition
Mental confusion
Staggering gait
Ocular abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder of language which includes speaking, understanding, reading and writing |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorder of the cerebrum. Characterized by the loss of ability to execute or carry out learned, purposeful movements. |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of ability to recognize objects, people, sounds, shapes, or smells.
Usually associated with damage to the occipitotemporal region of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
Low word output, leave out filler words such as “a”, “an”, “the”.
Patients can comprehend, but writing is abnormal
(Broca's area is in the postcentral gyri)
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Term
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Definition
High word output, but language is meaningless. "Word salad"
(Superior temporal gyrus) |
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Term
| Bell's Palsey is often caused by.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Glascow coma scale measures response of... |
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Definition
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Term
Altered mental status with ataxia, nystagmus, CN VI palsy.
Seen in chronic alcoholics or people with thiamine deficiency |
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Definition
| Wernicke's encephalopathy |
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Term
| What is Cushing response and what are the triad of symptoms? |
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Definition
Nervous system response to increased cranial pressure.
1. Widening pulse pressure (increased BP)
2. Irregular breathing (Decreased Resp. effort)
3. Reduction of heart rate (Bradycardia)
Info from Wikipedia (power point) |
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Term
| How do you score the eye response on the glascow coma scale? |
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Definition
4 - Eyes open
3- Eyes open to voice
2 - Eyes open to pain
1 - No Response |
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Term
| bruising behind the ear is known as a .... |
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Definition
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Term
| An epideral hematoma occurs between the |
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Definition
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Term
| An epideral hematoma is a rupture of the |
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Definition
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Term
| A subarrachnoid hemmorhage occurs between the... |
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Definition
| Pia mater and the arachnoid membrane |
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Term
| Which intercranial injury often has a lucid period followed by a rapid decline? |
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Definition
Epideral hematoma
(can also happen with subdermal hematoma but is generally associated with epideral hematoma) |
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Term
| Site of direct trauma of cerebral contusion |
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Definition
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Term
| Subdural hematomas are caused by rupture of the |
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Definition
| bridging veins, especially seen with significant atrophy such as in alcholics and elderly. |
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Term
| Verbal repsonse is measured by the GCS as... |
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Definition
5 - Alert and oriented
4 - Disoriented
3 - Nonsense speech
2 - Moaning
1 - No response |
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Term
| Injury of site opposite of trauma |
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Definition
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Term
| Two signs of a basilar skull fracture are... |
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Definition
| Raccoon eyes and battle sign |
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Term
| Motor response is measured by the GCS as... |
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Definition
6 - Follows commands
5 - Localizes pain
4 - Withdraws from pain
3 - Decoriate
2 - Decelebrate
1 - No response |
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Term
| carbamazapine is good for most seizure types except |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbamazepine's Mechanism of Action is |
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Definition
| Blocks sodium channels and inhibits glutamine release |
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Term
| Ethosuximide is used for which type of seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Phenytoin is used for all types of seizures except... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| acting as a GABA analouge |
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Term
| A benzo that is used for treatment of acute seizures and status epilepticus |
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Definition
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Term
| Antagonist given for opioid overdose |
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Definition
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Term
| Triad of symptoms indicating opioid overdose |
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Definition
Lethargy or coma
Depressed respiration
Pinpoint pupils |
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Term
| Classic triad indicating meningitis |
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Definition
Still neck
Fever
Altered mental status |
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Term
| Meningitis in 18-50 year olds is often caused by Strep. pneumo or Neisseria meningiticus. What is the emperical treatment for this age group? |
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Definition
| Vancomycin + Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone |
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Term
| Essentials to diagnosing Parkinson's is any combination what four symptoms? |
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Definition
Tremor, rigidity,
bradykinesia, postural instability |
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Term
| Two symptoms that seperate Parkinsons from Huntington's Disease are |
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Definition
| Huntington's Disease is more associated with family history and dementia. |
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Term
| Risk Factors for a stroke |
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Definition
1. HTN
2. Previous TIA
3. Atrial Fibrillation |
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Term
| Which of the following to be the best treatment choice in preventing stroke in suspected atherosclerotic TIAs |
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Definition
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Term
Normal = _______ cc/100 gm
Ischemia = _______ cc/100 gm
Infarction = _______ cc/100 gm |
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Definition
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Term
CPP =
(Cerebral perfusion pressure) |
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Definition
= MAP - ICP
(Mean arterial pressure - Intercranial pressure) |
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Term
| tPA is only indicated if its been less than..... |
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Definition
| 3 hours since onset of ischemic stroke |
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Term
| HTN + diabetes is a risk factor for which kind of stroke? |
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Definition
Lacunar Stroke
Small perforating vessels that occur in the deep white matter of the brain |
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Term
| What is the best treatment choice in preventing a second stroke after suspected cardioembolic stroke? |
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Definition
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Term
Temporary loss of consciousness.
Fainting |
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Definition
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Term
| Orthostatic hypertention is diagnosed at a change in blood pressure of _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is known as the vital sign for the eyes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Visual defect where a central defect is surrounded by normal vision. |
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Definition
Scotoma
Relative - can still see bright objects
Absolute - cannot see anything |
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Term
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Definition
| People who are totally blind due to bilateral occipital lesions pretend they can see. |
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Term
| Nerve fibers that coordinate both eyes in horizontal movements—looking from side to side—are damaged. |
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Definition
| internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
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Term
| Pupils are different sizes |
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Definition
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