Term
Cranial nerve(s) responsible for smell.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cranial nerve(s) responsible for facial movements and gustation.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cranial nerve(s) responsible for shrugging shoulders and turning the head.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
| Cranial nerve XI Spinal accessory |
|
|
Term
Cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
| Cranial nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear |
|
|
Term
Cranial nerve(s) responsible for swallowing, elevation of the palate, gag reflex and gustation.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
| Cranial nerves IX Glossopharyngeal and cranial nerve X Vagus |
|
|
Term
Cranial nerve(s) responsible for voice and speech.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
| Cranial nerves V Trigeminal, VII Facial, X Vagus, and XII Hypoglossal |
|
|
Term
Cranial nerve(s) responsible for Visual acuity, visual fields and ocular fundi.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cranial nerve(s) responsible for movement and protrusion of tongue.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
| Cranial nerve XII Hypoglossal |
|
|
Term
Cranial nerve(s) responsible for Facial sensation, movements of the jaw, and corneal reflexes.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
| Cranial nerve V Trigeminal |
|
|
Term
Cranial nerve(s) responsible for pupillary reactions.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
| Cranial nerves II Optic and cranial nerve III Oculomotor. |
|
|
Term
Cranial nerve(s) responsible for extra-ocular movements, including opening of the eyes.
Identify the number(s) and the name(s). |
|
Definition
| Cranial nerves III Oculomotor, IV Trochlear and VI Vestibulocochlear. |
|
|
Term
| The clinical term for the inability to perform point-to-point movements due to over or under projecting of ones fingers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inability to recognize and interpret objects, people, sounds, or smells despite intact primary sense organs (e.g., inability to identify a sound despite intact hearing); typically results from damage to the occipital or parietal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Impaired planning/sequencing of movement that is not due to weakness, sensory loss or incoordination. Although the movements cannot be performed for a specific situation, they may be performed under other circumstances (e.g., inability to lift feet off th |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Middle layer of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inability to stand because of motor incoordination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Incoordination of movement usually due to disease of cerebellar or sensory pathways |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specialized system of capillary endothelial cells that strictly limits transport into the brain through both physical (tight junctions) and metabolic (enzymes) barriers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Slowed movement due to dysfunction of the basal ganglia and related structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 3 portions of the brainstem. |
|
Definition
| medulla, pons, and midbrain |
|
|
Term
| Prominent sulcus on the dorsolateral aspect of the cerebral hemispheres formed by the precentral and postcentral gyri; defines the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brain structure in posterior fossa that coordinates the many muscles active in any given movement; receives input from spinal cord and cerebral cortex and projects to postural and voluntary motor control systems and red nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The shrinking of the brain or brain cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Highly convoluted layer of gray matter that constitutes the outermost layer of the cerebrum and is responsible for integrating sensory impulses and for higher intellectual functions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symmetrical half of the cerebrum as separated by the sagittal sulcus and containing the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdala |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior portion of the brain consisting of the two cerebral hemispheres that each contain four lobes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main arterial anastomatic trunk located at the base of the brain; place where the two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery come together, allowing blood to be redistributed to the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spring-like resistance to passive extension at the elbow or flexion at the knee that increases up to a certain length and force before suddenly relaxing as the Golgi tendon organ is activated; sign of spasticity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ratchety movement due to superimposition of tremor on rigidity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Referring to the cerebral cortex, the outermost layer of the cerebrum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Apparent lack of visual functioning in spite of anatomically and structurally intact eyes due to bilateral lesions of the primary visual cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acquired and sustained loss of memory and other intellectual functions that is of sufficient severity to interfere with daily functioning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Destruction or loss of the myelin sheath surrounding axons; results in impaired nerve impulse conduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Receiving portion of the neuron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distribution of sensory innervation on the skin of the body and the limbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Outermost layer of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord; consists of a thick fibrous tissue that is adherent to the inner table of the skull and forms a protective sheath in the vertebral canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inability to pronounce or articulate words due to disorders of the vocal apparatus (e.g., lips, tongue, larynx) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements (e.g., pronation/supination of hands); indicates cerebellar dysfunction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A writing disability that results in incorrectly spelled or written words |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Difficulty judging and controlling the speed, distance, or power of motor actions; tendency to over- or underestimate the extent of motion needed
Damping mechanism is dysfunctional |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blanket term for movement disorders characterized by increased motor activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Voice disorder, often related to weakness of laryngeal muscles, in which sound production is impaired |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudden loss of neurological function caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the brain or spinal cord; includes infarction and hemorrhage subtypes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Actual space separating the pia and arachnoid that surround the brain and spinal cord; contains cerebrospinal fluid, arteries and veins, and filaments of arachnoid matter, giving it the appearance of a spider web |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bleeding in the subarachnoid space most commonly due to trauma or rupture of an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Portion of the brain immediately below the cerebral cortex; includes corona radiata, internal capsule, basal ganglia, and thalamus, among others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collection of blood in the subdural space following trauma to small bridging veins or in elderly patients with cerebral atrophy or those with clotting abnormalities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potential space between the dura and arachnoid that can be filled with blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or pus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Groove in the cerebral cortex separating two gyri |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large ovoid mass of gray matter in the dorsal aspect of the diencephalon that is located medial to the internal capsule and caudate and functions as a relay station between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem and spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Convoluted ridge on the outer surface of the brain caused by infolding of the cerebral cortex and bound by sulci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weakness on one side of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paralysis on one side of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Convoluted structure at the medial margin of the cortical mantle of the cerebral hemisphere, bordering the choroid fissure of the lateral ventricle, and forming part of the limbic system, which is concerned with memory and emotion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cerebellum initiates voluntary movement.
True or False |
|
Definition
False.
Cerebelum coordinates voluntary motion, but does not initiate movement. |
|
|
Term
A lesion in the cerebellum ________ cause
loss of movement. |
|
Definition
Does Not,
It causes loss of control. |
|
|
Term
| Damping or inhibitory signal is an action of the _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Damage to the cerebellum leads to abnormal control of the ________ side of the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Controls primitive emotions - fear and rage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ability to recognize letters or numbers drawn on the finger or palm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Part of the CNS consisting of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and Landry's ascending paralysis, is an inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nerves. Characterized by the rapid onset of weakness and, often, paralysis of the legs, arms, breathing muscles and face. |
|
|
Term
| Paralysis of a muscle group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skin sensation, such as burning, prickling, itching, or tingling, with no apparent physical cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innermost layer of the meninges that is intimately applied to the surface of the brain parenchyma and spinal cord and separated from the arachnoid by the subarachnoid space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stimulation of the plantar surface of the foot with a blunt point from the heel forward, crossing the metatarsal pad from the small to the great toe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Middle aspect of the brainstem, lying between the midbrain rostrally and the medulla caudally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cortical region of the frontal lobe lying anterior to primary and premotor cortex; mediates various executive functions, with the dorsolateral division involved in working memory processes, planning, and decision making, and the ventromedial division invo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cortical region (Brodmann's area 6) in the posterior frontal lobe anterior to the primary motor cortex involved in planning or programming of voluntary movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased resistance throughout the range of motion when passively moving a body part due to co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles ("lead pipe") |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Discrete event due to sudden, transient, excessive neuronal discharges in the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormal increase in muscle tone and reflexes, manifested as a velocity dependent spring-like resistance to moving or being moved; indicates an upper motor neuron lesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure of bone fusion in the posterior midline of the vertebral column resulting in a bony cleft through which the meninges and varying quantities of spinal cord tissue protrude |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ability to recognize objects by touch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical distribution on the body where symptoms/signs of peripheral neuropathy are evident (toes to knee and fingers to wrist) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Misalignment of the eyes that is either developmental (due to a miscalibration of the binocular vergence system in the cerebral cortex at some point in infancy or childhood) or acquired (due to a palsy of a cranial nerve or extraocular muscle) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Part of the CNS that contains axons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Impairment of language comprehension including impaired repetition due to lesion of the posterior left superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann area 22) |
|
Definition
| Fluent aphasia (Wernicke’s or receptive aphasia) |
|
|
Term
| Sense active stretch and via inhibitory inter-neurons inhibit the motor neurons to provide protection against hurtful contractile forces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduction in the supply of oxygen to the brain or other vital organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occurring without known cause; in the context of epilepsy, indicates cases in which no lesion is found and a genetic cause is presumed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebral cortex lying in the depths of the Sylvian fissure and involved in gustatory, visceral sensory, and emotional processing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spontaneous firing of an axon resulting in a visible twitch of all the muscle fibers it contacts; indicative of denervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An involuntary tendency to take short accelerating steps in walking that can occur in Parkinson disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ability to recognize objects by touch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spinal accessory or Accessory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acoustic or Vestibulocochlear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Birth defect in which the majority of the cerebral hemispheres and striatum are absent and replaced by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid; considered to be an extreme form of porencephaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Literally "water on the brain;" increase in size of ventricles and amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the four lobes of the cerebral cortex. |
|
Definition
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe,
Temporal lobe,
Occipital lobe. |
|
|
Term
| Name the four areas of the frontal lobe. |
|
Definition
| Prefrontal, Premotor, Primary motor, and Motor speech. |
|
|
Term
| Portion of the brain responsible for modulating our outlook on life and acts as a screen for information. |
|
Definition
| Prefrontal area of the frontal lobe. |
|
|
Term
| Portion of the brain responsible for controlling initiation, inhibition and mood. |
|
Definition
| Prefrontal area of the frontal lobe. |
|
|
Term
Unable to take action.
Won't take a bath, dress, or work without prompting. |
|
Definition
| Initiation (Prefrontal area) |
|
|
Term
Unable to inhibit thoughts or actions.
Inappropriate comments and actions. |
|
Definition
| Inhibition (Prefrontal area) |
|
|
Term
Emotionally labile.
Out bursts of spontaneous laughing or crying. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normally screens out information so we can concentrate on a task.
Difficulty or inability to set priorities; everything seems to be important. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Involuntary oscillattory movement occurs with voluntary motion of a limb.
Turn on/Turn off mechanism is impaired. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tremors of the eyeballs tha occur when attempting to fixate the eyes to the side.
Rapid, back and forth movement of the eyes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Loss of check reflex to halt forceful active movements.
Turn on/Turn off mechanism is impaired. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decrease in muscle tone due to lack of cerebellar input. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness (-asthenia) of voluntary muscles attached to bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the meninges |
|
|
Term
| Congenital defect in the lumbar spinal colum caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts ( neural tube defect) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| degeneration of nerves in the basal ganglia occuring in the later life and leading to tremors weakness of muscles and slowness of movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brain disease and dementia occuring with AIDS |
|
Definition
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
|
|
Term
| viral infection affecting peripheral nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chronic brain disorder chracterized by recurrent seizure activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hereditary nervous disorder caused by degenerative changes in the cerebrum and involving bizarre abrupt involuntary dancelike movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disruption in the normal blood supply of the brain |
|
Definition
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
|
|
Term
| bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurological defictis persist longer than 24 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| temporary brain dysfunction ( brief loss of consiousness) after injury usually clearing within 24 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| degenerative disease of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem; motor neuron disease |
|
Definition
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
|
|
Term
| destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic * hard * tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brain disorder marked by gradual deterioration of mental capacity (dementia) beginning in middle age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Composed of two large bilateral masses, the cerebral hemispheres. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Has four lobes; frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large structure inferior to the occipital lobe and posterior to the brain stem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Connects brain with spinal cord; midbrain, pons, medulla oblongota |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Work of the brain can be divided into three caegories. Name them. |
|
Definition
| Motor, sensory, and association |
|
|
Term
| The motor components serve what purposes? |
|
Definition
| Generate or modulate motor control. |
|
|
Term
| Sensory components perform which function? |
|
Definition
| Detects incoming sensory information. |
|
|
Term
| Association component performs which function. |
|
Definition
| Gives meaning or significance to the information. |
|
|
Term
| The largest most superficial part of the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Band of white matter axons that connect the two hemispheres. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the surface of the cortex convoluted? |
|
Definition
| To increase the surface area of the cortex. |
|
|
Term
| The "hills" of the cortex are called ___ ? |
|
Definition
| Gyri (Multiple) or Gyrus (singular) |
|
|
Term
| The "valleys" of the cortex are called ___ ? |
|
Definition
| Sulci (multiple) or sulcus (singular) |
|
|
Term
| The deep valleys of the cortex are called ___ ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major ____ and _____ divide the cortex into lobes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the feature that runs sagitally and divides the cortex into right and left hemispheres. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the feature that runs vertically and divides the cortex into frontal and parietal lobes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the feature that runs laterally and divides the cortex superiorly into frontal and parietal lobes, and inferiorly into temporal lobes.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the feature that runs vertically and divides the parietal and occipital lobes. |
|
Definition
| Parietal-occipital sulcus. |
|
|
Term
| The Motor Speech lobe is found in the ____ hemisphere of the frontal lobe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The prefrontal area is located mostly ____ on the ____ lobe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injury to the _____ area can cause a lack of initiation, inhibition, or inappropriate expression of mood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Injury to the prefrontal area may affect all of these except?
Mood, inhibition, filter of information, motor control, or initiation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The association area lies within the ____ of the ____ lobe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The association area lies ______ to the prefrontal area. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which area of the cerebrum communicates with the primary motor area, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. |
|
Definition
| Premotor area of the frontal lobe. |
|
|
Term
| If an injury to the __________ occured, the patient can still perform movements, but the timing may be off. |
|
Definition
| Premotor area of the frontal lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Initiation, inhibition, mood, filter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| association area, communicates with primary motor area, basal ganglia, and cerebellum; assist in learning skilled movements; timing. |
|
|
Term
| Injury to the ____ may cause loss of voluntary control; volitional motor control. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Put these in the right order from top to bottum within the cortex. wrist, foot, mouth, hip, hand, trunk |
|
Definition
| foot, hip, trunk, wrist, hand, mouth |
|
|
Term
All of these are in the correct order except?
Feet/ankles, knee, wrist, elbow, mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The little upside down man in the brain is called a ________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The motor speech area of the frontal lobe is also known as ________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke |
|
Definition
| Damage to occipital & temporal lobes; hemianopsia, visual agnosia, cortical blindness; amnesia and memory loss. |
|
|
Term
| Vertebrobasilar Artery Stroke |
|
Definition
Damage to brain stem & cerebellum; catastrophic; catastrophic quadriplegia & anarthria; locked-in syndrome.
Full cognition, understanding, sight, sound, feeling, pain, etc. without motor control. High tone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
See without recognition; lack of association.
man thought his wife was a hat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Partial visual loss of single orbit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Partial visual loss of dual orbits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blindness due to lack of cortex operation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protects the nervous tissue from substances in the bloodstream. Cells that make up bllod vessels in the brain are tightly adhered to one another preventing substances from crossing. Substances that CAN cross-Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, electrolytes, lipi-soluble substances, alcohol, hormones, glucose. Substances that CANNOT cross-Lage plasma proteins, large organic molecules, antibodies, antibiotics, bacteria, medications. |
|
|
Term
| The Internal carotid arteries arise from ____ and supplies the brain with incoming blood. |
|
Definition
| The Internal carotid arteries arise from _common carotid artery in the neck_ and supplies the brain with incoming blood. |
|
|
Term
| The anterior cerebral arteries runs to the anterior surface of the brain supplying blood to the _________ aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes. |
|
Definition
| The anterior cerebral arteries runs to the anterior surface of the brain supplying blood to the _MEDIAL_ aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes. |
|
|
Term
| Anterior cerebral artery stroke will cause damage to the medial aspect of the _______ and _______ lobes. |
|
Definition
| Anterior cerebral artery stroke will cause damage to the medial aspect of the _FRONTAL_ and _PARIETAL_ lobes. |
|
|
Term
| Anterior cerebral artery stroke will cause _______ hemiparesis to the ______ extremity. |
|
Definition
| Anterior cerebral artery stroke will cause _CONTRALATERAL_ hemiparesis to the _LOWER_ extremity. |
|
|
Term
| Middle cerebral artery stroke will cause damage to the lateral aspect of ________. |
|
Definition
| Middle cerebral artery stroke will cause damage to the lateral aspect of _ALL LOBES_. |
|
|
Term
| The most common site of stroke is the ____________, |
|
Definition
| The most common site of stroke is the _MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY_, |
|
|
Term
| The middle cerebral artery stroke is the most common site of stroke which affects the lateral aspect of all lobes and causes ____________, |
|
Definition
| The middle cerebral artery stroke is the most common site of stroke which affects the lateral aspect of all lobes and causes _CONTRALATERAL HEMIPARESIS OF THE FACE & UPPER EXTREMITIES (more than the lower extremities), HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA; APHASIA (if left side CVA); PERCEPTUAL DEFICTS (if right side CVA)_, |
|
|
Term
| Cerbrovascular accidents (CVA) presents with similar symptoms regardless of which artery is involved. TRUE or FALSE? |
|
Definition
| FALSE The correct response is Cerbrovascular accidents (CVA) presents different symptoms depending on which artery is involved. |
|
|
Term
| An internal carotid stroke will block blood flow to __________ and may lead to comma and death due to massive damage. |
|
Definition
| An internal carotid stroke will block blood flow to _BOTH THE ANTERIOR & MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERIES_ and may lead to comma and death due to massive damage. |
|
|
Term
| Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the _____ and absorbed by the __________ into the venous system. |
|
Definition
| Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the _VENTRICLES_ and absorbed by the _ARACHNOID_ into the venous system. |
|
|
Term
| What is the clear fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord. |
|
Definition
| The clear fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of CSF? |
|
Definition
| The function of CSF is to cushion and protect the brain; transport nutrients, chemicals, & waste products. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the flow of CSF from production to absorption. |
|
Definition
| The flow of CSF from production in the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles, then flows to the third ventricle, then to the fourth ventricle, then into the epidural space and the subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord, then absorption into the arachnoid. |
|
|
Term
| Disruption of the normal circulation or absorption of CSF may lead to a condition called ___________. |
|
Definition
| Disruption of the normal circulation or absorption of CSF may lead to a condition called _HYDROCEPHALUS_. |
|
|
Term
| The normal ICP is ______ ? |
|
Definition
| The normal ICP is _10 mmHg_? (10 millimeter of mercury.) |
|
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Term
| The treatment for increased ICP is to ____ the excess fluid by way of a _____. |
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Definition
| The treatment for increased ICP is to _DRAIN_ the excess fluid by way of a _SHUNT_. |
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Term
| Incomplete circulation of CSF through the spinal cord because of a blockage is indicative of _________ . |
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Definition
| Incomplete circulation of CSF through the spinal cord because of a blockage is indicative of _SPINA BIFIDA_ . |
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Term
| Disruption of the normal circulation or absorption of CSF is may cause ______ in infants, or _____ in adults. |
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Definition
| Disruption of the normal circulation or absorption of CSF is may cause _THE HEAD TO ENLARGE AS SUTURES EXPAND_ in infants, or _CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PRESSURE WILL DAMAGE THE BRAIN_ in adults. |
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Term
| The brain does not store _____, The brain demands _____. The brain and neural tissue derive all _____ from the blood supply. |
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Definition
| The brain does not store _GLUCOSE_, The brain demands _GLUCOSE_. The brain and neural tissue derive all _GLUCOSE_ from the blood supply. |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve I Olfactory |
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Definition
| For Cranial nerve I Olfactory the Component is Afferent (Sensory) and the Function(s) is Olfaction (Smell) |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve II Optic |
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Definition
| For Cranial nerve II Optic the Component is Afferent (Sensory) and the Function(s) is Vision |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve III Oculomotor |
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Definition
| For Cranial Nerve III Oculomotor the Component is Efferent (Motor) and the Function(s) is: Somatic- Elevates eyelid and turns eye up, down and in. Visceral- Constrict pupils and Accomodates lens |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve IV Trochlear |
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Definition
| For Cranial Nerve IV Trochlear the Component is Efferent (Motor) and the Function(s) is: Somatic- Turns the adducted eye down and causes intorsion (inward rotation) of the eye. |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal. |
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Definition
| For Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal the Component is Mixed (both sensory and motor) and the Function(s) is: Afferent (Sensory)- Sensation from the face, the cornea and the anterior tongue. Efferent (Motor)-Muscles of mastication and dampens sound (lensor tympani) |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve VI Abducens. |
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Definition
| For Cranial nerve VI Abducens the Component is Efferent (Motor) and the Function(s) is: Somatic- Turns eye out |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve VII Facial |
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Definition
| For Cranial Nerve VII Facial the Component is Mixed (both sensory and motor) and the Function(s) is: Afferent (Sensory)-Taste from the anterior tongue. Efferent (Motor) somatic-Muscles of facial expression and dampens sound (stapedius); and Efferent (Motor) visceral-Tearing (Lacrimal duct) and Salivation (submandibular and sublingual glands) |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear. |
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Definition
| For Cranial Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear the Component is Afferent (Sensory) and the Function(s) is: Balance (semicircular canals, urtricles, saccule) and Hearing (Organ of Corti) |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear. |
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Definition
| For Cranial Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal the Component is Mixed (Sensory and Motor) and the Function(s) is: Afferent (Sensory)- Taste from posterior tongue, and sensation from the posterior tongue and oropharynx. Efferent (Motor)- Salivation (parotid gland) |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve X Vagus. |
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Definition
| For Cranial Nerve X Vagus the Component is Mixed (Sensory and Motor) and the Function(s) is: Afferent (Sensory)- Thoracic and abdominal viscera. Efferent (Motor)- Muscles of larynx and pharynx, desreased heart rate, and increases in GI motility. |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve XI Spinal Accessory. |
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Definition
| For Cranial Nerve XI Spinal Accessory the Component is Efferent (Motor) and the Function(s) is: Head movements (Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius) |
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Term
| Identify the Component(s) and the Function(s) for Cranial Nerve XII Hypoglossal. |
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Definition
| For Cranial Nerve XII Hypoglossal the Component is Efferent (Motor) and the Function(s) is: Tongue movements and shape |
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Term
| Screening test for Cranial Nerve I-Olfactory |
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Definition
| Examine olfactory acuity using nonnoxious odors such as lemon oil, coffee, cloves or tobacco. |
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Term
| Screening test for Cranial Nerve II-Optic. |
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Definition
| Examine visual acuity using a Snellen chart; both central and peripheral vision are tested. |
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Term
| Screening test for Cranial Nerve III-Oculomotor, IV Trochlear, and VI Abducens. |
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Definition
| Determine equality and size of pupils; reaction to light; presence of strabismus (loss of ocular alignment); ability of eyes to follow a moving target without head movement; presence of ptosis of eyelid. |
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Term
| Screening test for Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal. |
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Definition
| Sensory test of face (sharp/dull discrimination, light touch); open and close jaw against resistance; jaw jerk reflex. |
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Term
| Screening test for Cranial Nerve VII-Facial. |
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Definition
| Examine any asymmetry of face at rest and during voluntary contraction. |
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Term
Screening test for Cranial Nerve
VIII Vestibulocochlear. |
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Definition
| Test auditory acuity using a vibrating tuning fork (Weber test) placed on vertex of skull or forehead, patient indicates on which side the tone is louder; rub fingers together at a distance and gradually bring toward patient, note distance when first heard; alter volume of conversation; Rhime test (air bone conduction) vibrating tuning fork placed on mastoid process, then near external ear canal, note hearing acuity. |
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Term
| Screening test for Cranial Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal. |
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Definition
| Examine taste on posterior one-third of tongue, examine gag reflex |
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Term
| Screening test for Cranial Nerve X Vagus. |
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Definition
| Examine swallowing; observe uvula and soft palate for any asymmetry (tongue depressor) |
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Term
| Screening test for Cranial Nerve XI-Spinal Accessory. |
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Definition
| Examine strength of sternocleidomastoid muscles and trapezius muscles. |
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Term
| Screening test for Cranial Nerve XII Hypoglossal. |
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Definition
| With tongue protruded, examine ability to move tongue rapidly from side to side. |
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Term
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Definition
| The largest and main portion of the brain, responsible for the highest mental functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anterior most portion of the cerebrum, responsible for personality, motor movement and expressive speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| The poerior most portion of the cerebrum, responsible for vision and recognition of size, shape and color. |
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Term
| Posterior section of occipital lobe |
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Definition
| Primary area; Detects light and dark spots, lines and borders. |
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Term
| Anterior section of occipital lobe |
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Definition
| The visual association area; interprets visual information, gives meaning to visual images based on past experience. |
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Term
| Visual agnosia is a manifestation brought on by damage to ______________. |
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Definition
| Visual agnosia is a manifestation brought on by damage to _Anterior border of the occipital lobe_. Association qualities are lost. Images cannot be recognized. |
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Term
| Cortical blindness is a manifestation brought about by damage to __________. |
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Definition
| Cortical blindness is a manifestation brought about by damage to _Posterior section of the occipital lobe_. |
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Term
| Parietal lobe controls _______. |
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Definition
| Parietal lobe controls _gross sensation, such as touch and pressure, and fine sensation, such as the determination of texture, weight, size, and shape_. |
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Term
| Damage to the parietal lobes may present with decreased gross sensation and/or decreased fine sensation described in medical terms as ___________. |
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Definition
| Damage to the parietal lobes may present with decreased gross sensation and/or decreased fine sensation described in medical terms as _Astereognosis or Agraphesthesia_. |
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Term
| Landmark of the brain that runs sagitally and divides the cortex into right and left hemispheres. |
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Definition
| The longitudinal fissure runs sagitally and divides the cortex into right and left hemispheres. |
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Term
| The landmark of the brain that runs vertically and divides the cortex into frontal and parietal lobes. |
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Definition
| The central sulcus runs vertically and divides the cortex into frontal and parietal lobes. |
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Term
| The landmark of the brain that runs laterally and divides superiorly the frontal and parietal lobes and inferiorly the temporal lobes. |
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Definition
| The fissure of Sylvius runs laterally and divides superiorly the frontal and parietal lobes and inferiorly the temporal lobe. |
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Term
| The landmark that runs vertically and divides the parietal and occipital lobes. |
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Definition
| The parieto-occipital sulcus runs vertically and divides the parietal and occipital lobes. |
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Term
| Grand Central Station of the brain, located in the very center of the brain, and serves as the chief traffic relay station. |
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Definition
| The Thalamus is the Grand Central Station of the brain, located in the very center of the brain, and serves as the chief traffic relay station. |
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Term
| The __________ directs signals to the appropriate points in the cerebral cortex-sensory, motor, visual, auditory, and motor control. |
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Definition
| The _Thalamus_ directs signals to the appropriate points in the cerebral cortex-sensory, motor, visual, auditory, and motor control. |
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Term
| Major center for controlling internal body functions or homeostasis. |
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Definition
| The _hypothalamus_ is the major center for controlling internal body functions or homeostasis. |
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Term
| The organ responsible for controlling body temperature, monitoring glucose and ph, and regulating water balance. |
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Definition
| The _hypothalamus_ is the organ responsible for controlling body temperature, monitoring glucose and ph, and regulating water balance. |
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Term
| The organ responsible for gastrointestinal secretions and feelings of hungar, thirst, and satisfied. |
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Definition
| The _hypothalamus_ is the organ responsible for gastrointestinal secretions and feelings of hungar, thirst, and satisfied. |
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Term
| The _________ releases hormones into the bloodstream as part of its role in expressing rage, anger, and sexual behavior. |
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Definition
| The _hypothalamus_ releases hormones into the bloodstream as part of its role in expressing rage, anger, and sexual behavior. |
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Term
| A state of increased internal body activity causing a contant state of stress is called a __________. |
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Definition
| A state of increased internal body activity causing a contant state of stress is called a _hypothalamic storm_. |
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Term
| If a patient presents with loss of body temperature control and/or loss of blood pressure control, which organ might be damaged? |
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Definition
| If a patient presents with loss of body temperature control and/or loss of blood pressure control, consider damage to the hypothalamus. |
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Term
| The major function of the basal ganglia is to adjust muscle tone by inhibiting the tone. True or False? |
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Definition
| True. The major function of the basal ganglia is to adjust muscle tone by inhibiting the tone. It controls background gross body movements by adjusting the amount of muscle tone. |
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Term
| The basal ganglia acts under voluntary or conscious control to adjust muscle tone by inhibiting the tone. True or False? |
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Definition
| False. The basal ganglia is cortical and does NOT act under voluntary or conscious control to adjust muscle tone by inhibiting the tone. |
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Term
| Damage to the ___________ will cause loss of inhibition of muscle tone. |
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Definition
| Damage to the _basal ganglia_ will cause loss of inhibition of muscle tone. The result is rigidity or large, uncontrolled motions of the limbs. |
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Term
| A disease of the basal ganglia that exhibits an increase in muscle tone resulting in rigidity, bradykinesia, mask face, and resting tremor. |
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Definition
| Parkinson's Disease is a disease of the basal ganglia that exhibits an increase in muscle tone resulting in rigidity, bradykinesia, mask face, and resting tremor. |
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Term
| Damage to the basal ganglia which produces large, uncontrolled motions of the limbs due to lack of inhibition of motor signal may be __________________. |
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Definition
| Huntington's Chorea is damage to the basal ganglia which produces large, uncontrolled motions of the limbs due to lack of inhibition of motor signal. |
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Term
| The three nuclei of the basal ganglia are ___________, _____________, and _________. |
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Definition
| The three nuclei of the basal ganglia are _caudate nucleus_, _putamen_, and _globus pallidus_. |
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Term
| The basal ganglia process and relay ______ signals ____ the spinal cord and _____ the body. |
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Definition
| The basal ganglia process and relay _motor_ signals _to_ the spinal cord and _out to_ the body. |
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Term
| Anosmia is a S & S of a lesion in which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
Anosmia is a S & S of a lesion in cranial nerve I, the olfactory nerve.
ANOSMIA comes from the Greek; an [no] -osmia [smell] |
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Term
| S & S of impaired vision or blindness may indicate a lesion in which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| S & S of impaired vision or blindness may indicate a lesion in cranial nerve II, the optic nerve. |
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Term
| S & S of eyes deviated down and out may indicate a lesion to which cranial verve? |
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Definition
| S & S of eyes deviated down and out may indicate a lesion to cranial nerve III, the oculomotor. |
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Term
| S & S of diplopia with a downward gaze, where the eye cannot be adducted may indicate a lesion of which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| S & S of diplopia with a downward gaze, where the eye cannot be adducted may indicate a lesion of cranial nerve IV, the trochlear. The term trochlea means "pulley" in Latin |
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Term
| S & S of facial numbness, difficulty chewing, or a jaw that deviates when open is indicative of a lesion of which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| S & S of facial numbness, difficulty chewing, or a jaw that deviates when open is indicative of a lesion of cranial nerve V, the trigeminal. |
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Term
| S & S of diplopia with a lateral gaze where the eye cannot be abducted is indicative of a lesion of which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| S & S of diplopia with a lateral gaze where the eye cannot be abducted is indicative of a lesion of cranial nerve VI, the abducens |
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Term
| S & S of Bell's Palsy, the inability to close the eyelid, the corner of the mouth droops, difficulty with speech, and/or the loss of taste may indicate a lesion of which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| S & S of Bell's Palsy, the inability to close the eyelid, the corner of the mouth droops, difficulty with speech, and/or the loss of taste may indicate a lesion of cranial nerve VII, the facial. |
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Term
| S & S including deafness, impaired hearing tinnitus, vertigo, nystagmus, and/or instability with head rotation may indicate a lesion in which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| S & S including deafness, impaired hearing tinnitus, vertigo, nystagmus, and/or instability with head rotation may indicate a lesion in cranial nerve VIII, the vestibulocochlear. |
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Term
| S & S of dysphonia, dry mouth, dysphagia, and/or loss of taste to posterior tongue may indiacte a lesion of which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| S & S of dysphonia, dry mouth, dysphagia, and/or loss of taste to posterior tongue may indicate a lesion of cranial nerve IX, the glossopharyngeal. |
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Term
| S & S of dysphagia, dysphonia, loss of gag reflex, and/or cardiac dysrhythmia may indicate a laesion of which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| S & S of dysphagia, dysphonia, loss of gag reflex, and/or cardiac dysrhythmia may indicate a laesion of cranial nerve X, the vagus. |
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Term
| S & S of shoulder and neck weakness, where the patient cannot shrug the shoulders or turn the head to the opposite side may indicate the presence of a lesion within which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| S & S of shoulder and neck weakness, where the patient cannot shrug the shoulders or turn the head to the opposite side may indicate the presence of a lesion within cranial nerve XI, the spinal accessory. |
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Term
| S & S of a deviated tongue when protruded or difficulty saying "la, la, la" may indicate the presence of a lesion on which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
S & S of a deviated tongue when protruded or difficulty saying "la, la, la" may which cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal.
Affects ipsilateral tongue deviation. |
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