Term
| A transient disturbance of cerebral function d/t to an abnormal paroxysmal neuronal discharge in the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| A disorder of recurrent seizures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptom immediately prior to LOC. |
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Definition
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Term
| A mood or nehavioral change which may precede an attack. |
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Definition
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Term
| The actual attack or seizure. |
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Definition
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Term
| The period immediately following the attack. |
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Definition
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Term
| A trnsient hemiparesis occuring in the post-ictal period which may last minutes to hours. |
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Definition
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Term
| When is epilepsy most common? |
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Definition
| First year of life, 2nd peak at puberty |
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Term
| Name 2 reasons why sz occur in pediatrics. |
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Definition
| Congenital abn and perinatal injuries |
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Term
| Name 3 metabolic d/o that may cause sz. |
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Definition
| 1)Drug/Etoh withdrawal 2)Uremia 3)Hypo- or hyperglycemia |
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Term
| Post-treaumatic epilepsy is most likely to occur if what is penetrated? What time period do sz manifest /p injury? |
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Definition
| Dura mater. Within 2 years. |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of sz with an onset at age 60 or older? |
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Definition
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Term
| What degenerative dz can result in sz? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 6 infectious dz that may cause sz. |
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Definition
| 1)Bacterial meningitis 2)Herpes encephalitis 3)Neurosyphillis 4)Cerebral cysticercosis 5)AIDS 6)Brain abscess |
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Term
| Name 3 condition related to AIDS that cause sz. |
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Definition
| Toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal, and secondary viral encephalitis |
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Term
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Definition
| Flashing lights, loud noise, rhythmic music, fever, physical exertion, undernutrition, menses, hyperventilation, injury, drugs, or psychosocial |
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Term
| Sz episodes in which the entire brain is involved from the onset. |
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Definition
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Term
| Seizures that spread to what area of the brain result in LOC? |
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Definition
| Thalamus and reticular activating center |
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Term
| Name 6 types of generalized sz. |
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Definition
| 1)Absence (petit mal) 2)Myoclonic 3)Atonic 4)Clonic 5)Tonic 6)Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) |
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Term
| What age do absence sz occur? |
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Definition
| Begin in childhood and cease ~age 20 |
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Term
| How long do absence sz last? What are they characterized by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does EEG of absence sz show? |
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Definition
| Burst of bilat synchronous and symmetric 3Hz spike and wave activity |
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Term
| What accompanies the staring spell in atypical absence sz? |
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Definition
| Myoclonic jerks and automatisms |
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Term
| What is the differene in the onset and termination of atypical and regular absence sz? |
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Definition
| Atypical - gradual. Absence - abrupt. |
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Term
| Extremely brief gen, sz that are characterized by a single jerk or multiple jerks of one or more muscle groups. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are atonic sz characterized by? What are they AKA? |
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Definition
| Sudden and complete loss of muscle tone. Drop attacks. |
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Term
| Sz characterized by a sudden LOC followed by muscle rigidity. |
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Definition
| Gen. Tonic-clonic sz (grand mal) |
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Term
| After a pt having a grand mal sz falls, what are the initial motor signs? |
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Definition
| Opening of mouth and eyes, extension of arms, and adduction of legs |
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Term
| What body functions may also be affected in grand mal seizeures? |
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Definition
| Respiration arrested and bowel/bladder incontinence |
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Term
| How long do grand mal sz typically last? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the tonic phase of gen. tonic-clonic sz? |
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Definition
| Violent/rhythmic contractions, eyes roll, face grimaces, PR and salivation inc. , diaphoresis, ~1-2 min. |
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Term
| Describe the post-ictal phase of tonic/clonic sz. |
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Definition
| May gain consciousness or lapse into coma-like state, disorientation and confusion common |
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Term
| What is status epilepticus? |
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Definition
| Continuing series of sz w/o a period of recovery between, potentially life-threatening |
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Term
| What type of sz is status epilepticus most common in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Status epilepticus can cause irreversible brain damage and possible death from what 3 things? |
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Definition
| Hypoxia, cardiac arrhythmias, or lactic acidosis |
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Term
| What is the MC etiology of status epilepticus? |
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Definition
| Poor compliance with anticonvulsant drug regimen |
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Term
| Name 4 tx given to pt w/ status epilepticus? |
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Definition
| 1)Maintain airway 2)D50 3)IV benzo 4)IV Dilantin |
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Term
| What do you give a pt w/ status epilepticus if sz continue despite initial meds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Parital sz are sz in which activity is restricted to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 categories of partial sz. |
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Definition
| 1)Simple 2)Complex 3)2nd generalized partial sz |
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Term
| Does a pt w/ simple partial sz lose consciousness? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are automatisms that occur at the onset of complex parial sz? |
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Definition
| Repetitive or semi-purposeful movements (lip smacking) |
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Term
| Are there any EEG changes during a pseudo sz? Elevated prolactin or CK? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-sz meds are continued until there has been no sz for how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the med used to tx absence sz? |
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Definition
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Term
| Med for absence sz if present w/ other type? |
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Definition
| Valproic acid or clonazepam |
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Term
| Meds used to tx tonic or atonic sz? (4) |
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Definition
| Valproic acid, lamotrigine, topiramine, or felbamate |
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Term
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Definition
| Valproic acid or clonazepam |
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Term
| Med for gen. tonic-clonic sz? |
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Definition
| Valproic acid, lamotrigine, or topiramine |
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Term
| Med for partial-onset sz? (4) |
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Definition
| Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, topiramine, or oxcarbazepine |
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Term
| Using therapeutic drug monitoring, dosing of anti-sz meds are based on serum drug levels or clinical response? |
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Definition
| Clinical response regardless of serum drug level |
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Term
| These 3 meds can cause hepatotoxicity and therefore periodic hepatic fxn test should be performed. |
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Definition
| Valproic acid, carbamezipine, or felbamate |
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Term
| Palliative sz surgery should be performed for atractable _______ sz. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 curative surgeries for sz. |
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Definition
| Lobectomy and lesionectomy |
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Term
| Vagal nerve-stimulation can be performed for adults and adolescents with _______ sz. |
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Definition
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Term
| What diet may improve sz control? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcoholic sz are _______ sz w/i 48 hrs of withdrawal from Etoh. What is the tx? |
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Definition
| Gen. tonic-clonic. Benzos. |
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