Term
| What is an aka for dorsal root ganglion? |
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Definition
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Term
True or false?
Each segment of the spinal cord connects to 4 roots. |
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Definition
True
> ventral, dorsal root + left and right half
*each root is made up of 1-8 rootlets*
*each root consists of bundled nerve fibers* |
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Term
Complete the sentence
The anterior and posterior roots join together at the intervertebral foramen to form a .... |
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Definition
The anterior and posterior roots join together at the intervertebral foramen to form a spinal nerve.
> spinal nerves are mixed nerves |
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Term
Complete the sentence
The ventral/anterior root contains axon that carry .... signals
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Definition
The ventral/anterior root contains axon that carry afferent signals
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Term
Complete the sentence
The dorsal root contains axon that carry .... signals
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Definition
The dorsal root contains axon that carry efferent signals
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Term
| What does the dorsal root ganglion/spinal ganglion contain? |
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Definition
DRG/spinal root ganglion contains the cells bodies of unipolar/1st order neuron/1o order neuron
> first part of sensory chain |
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Term
| In adults, where does the tip of the spinal cord normally lie? (which level?) |
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Definition
SC normally lies at level of L1-L2 lumbar vertebrae.
*until 3rd month of fetal life, SC is as long as the vertebral canal. Then , the vertebral column elongates faster* |
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Term
Complete the sentence
In the lumbosacral region, the nerve roots descend vertically below the cord to form the .... |
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Definition
| In the lumbosacral region, the nerve roots descend vertically below the cord to form the cauda equina. |
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Term
True or false?
The cord segments are placed downward from their corresponding vertebrae. |
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Definition
False
Cord segments are placed upward from their corresponding vertebrae. |
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Term
| What type of fibres do dorsal & ventral rami contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are dorsal and ventral rami mixed nn? |
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Definition
| They are branches of the spinal nerve NOT the root |
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Term
| Which nerve re-enters the vertebral canal and supplies the meninges? |
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Definition
| sinuvertebral nerve/small meningeal branch |
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Term
True or false?
The dorsal rami supplie the posterior body trunk and back of the head including the extrinsic back muscles. |
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Definition
False
Including the intrinsic back mm
>ie: sacrospinalis, deep paraspinals/transversospinalis, splenius capitis & cervicis, suboccipital mm |
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Term
Complete the sentence
All dorsal 1o rami travel ... between the TVPs and most are ... nerves. |
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Definition
| All dorsal 1o rami travel posteriorly between the TVPs and most are mixed nerves. |
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Term
| Through most of the trunk, the sensory distribution of dorsal 1o rami appear in regular segmental bands except for one section. Name that section. |
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Definition
| Except where they become the clunial nerves of the buttocks. |
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Term
| What is an aka for intercostal nn? |
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Definition
intercostal nn aka ventral rami T2-T11
*passed T11* |
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Term
True or false?
The ventral rami suppliy the medial and posterior trunk, and the upper and lower extremities. |
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Definition
False
The ventral rami suppliy the lateral and anterior trunk, and the upper and lower extremities. |
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Term
True or false?
Most thoracic ventral rami (T2-T11) arise from a single root segment and appear in regular segmental bands.
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Definition
True
*just like the dorsal rami*
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Term
Complete the sentence
Axons in the ventral rami that serve the upper and lower extremities ... and ... with each other to form nerve networks called ... |
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Definition
| Axons in the ventral rami that serve the upper and lower extremities mix and mingle with each other to form nerve networks called plexuses. |
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Term
True or false?
Ventral and dorsal rami both form plexuses. |
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Definition
False
Only ventral rami form plexuses
*eg: lower cervical + upper thoracic = brachial plexus*
*eg: lumbar + sacral region = lumbosacral plexus* |
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Term
| Which ventral rami form the brachial plexus? |
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Definition
C5-T1 aka roots of brachial plexus
>brachial plexus: supplies upper limb and supporting musculature of scapula |
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Term
| Terminal branches are also known as .... |
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Definition
terminal branches = nerves/peripheral nn/post plexus nn
>eg: ulnar nerve |
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Term
Complete the sentence
ventral root (efferent) and dorsal ... (afferent) form ... ... (mixed) which bifurcates into dorsal and ventral ...(mixed), those from C5-T1 are roots of the ... ... |
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Definition
| ventral root (efferent) and dorsal root (afferent) form spinal nerves (mixed) which bifurcates into dorsal and ventral rami (mixed), those from C5-T1 are roots of the brachial plexus. |
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Term
| Which division of a trunk supplies flexor muscles? |
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Definition
| anterior division = flexor mm |
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Term
| Which division of a trunk supply extensor muscles? |
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Definition
| posterior division = extensor mm |
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Term
Complete the sentence
Cords of the brachial plexus are named according to their position relative to the .... ....
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Definition
| Cords of the brachial plexus are named according to their position relative to the axillary artery. |
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Term
| The trunks of the brachial plexus pass between which muscles? |
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Definition
Trunks of brachial plexus pass between the anterior and middle scalenes mm
> trunks are named for their anatomical relationships to another |
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Term
| Which nerve innervates the mm in the flexor compartment of the upper arm? |
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Definition
Musculocutaneous nerve
> innervation: biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis |
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Term
| The ulnar nerve innervates most of the intrinsic mm of the hand except one. Which one? |
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Definition
| Ulnar nerve: innervates most intrinsic mm of the hand except the thenar eminence/ pollicis brevis mm |
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Term
| What is innervated by the axillary nerve? |
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Definition
| axillary nerve: motor innervation for deltoid and teres minor |
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Term
| Which nerve innervates the extensor mm of the elbow, wrist and fingers, as well as the anatomical snuff box? |
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Definition
radial nerve
>anatomical snuffbox: extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis longus |
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Term
| Which nerve innvervates the anatomical snuff box? |
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Definition
radial nerve
>anatomical snuffbox: extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis longus |
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Term
Which nerve innervates most of the flexor mm in the forearm and thenar mm?
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerve innervates the rhomboids and levator scapula? |
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Definition
Dorsal scapular nerve: rhomboids + lev scapula
*upper limb mm (not intrinsic back mm) work shoulder* |
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Term
| Which nerve innervates serratus anterior? |
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Definition
Long thoracic nerve : innervates serratus anterior
* upper limb mm (not intrinsic back mm) work the shoulder* |
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Term
| Which nerve innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerve innervates latissimus dorsi? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerve innervates pectoralis major and minor? |
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Definition
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
> often join together |
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Term
True or false?
Nerves that are branches from other portions of the brachial plexus usually contain one type of axon: either sensory or motor. |
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Definition
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Term
True or false?
Dermatomes start with C1.
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Definition
False
There is no C1 dermatome
>dermatome -> spinal nerve (sensory nerve) |
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Term
Complete the sentence
Loss of afferent nerve function by one spinal nerve will not completely lose sensation from the dermatome due to ... from the adjacent spinal nerves. However, there is a reduction in ... |
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Definition
Loss of afferent nerve function by one spinal nerve will not completely lose sensation from the dermatome due to overlap from the adjacent spinal nerves. However, there is a reduction in sensitivity.
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Term
| Which dermatome innervates the middle finger? |
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Definition
C7 = middle finger
> upper limb dermatome (ventral rami) |
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Term
| Which dermatome goes across the umbillicus? |
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Definition
T10 dermatome
> thoracic dermatome key landmarks |
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Term
| Which dermatome goes across the nipples? |
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Definition
T4 dermatome
> thoracic dermatome key landmarks |
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Term
Complete the sentence
L1 dermatome is immediately below the ..... ligament. |
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Definition
| L1 dermatome is immediately below the inguinal ligament. |
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Term
Complete the sentence
L3 dermatome supplies the anterior thigh immediately proximal to the ...
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Definition
| L3 dermatome supplies the anterior thigh immediately proximal to the patella. |
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Term
| What is supplied by S2 dermatome? |
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Definition
| S2: lateral malleolus and lateral and plantar aspect of the foot |
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Term
| Which dermatome supplies the anus? |
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Definition
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Term
Complete the sentence
Radiculopathy is suspected when there is loss of sensation in a ... |
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Definition
Radiculopathy is suspected when there is loss of sensation in a dermatome.
> radicular pain: specific, localized area of skin
> MOI: herniated disc, entrapment 2o to degenerative change |
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Term
True or false?
shingles and chicken pox are diseases spread unilaterally. |
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Definition
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Term
True or false?
Cutaneous nerves are mixed nerves. |
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Definition
False
Cutaneous nerves can be mingled spinal nn but are not mixed. |
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Term
| Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve arise? |
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Definition
| arise from L2-L3 intermingled lumbar spinal nn |
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Term
| The lateral femoral cutaneous n usually becomes injured by entrapment/compression that is local specific. Where is that compression located? |
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Definition
| lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment: between upper front hip, ilium, and inguinal ligament. |
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Term
| Numbness or pain in the outer thigh is known as... |
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Definition
Meralgia paresthetica
> common painful entrapment neuropathies |
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Term
| Feeling a sensation of small insects creeping under the skin is known as... |
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Definition
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Term
| A nerve supplying a joint is known as ... |
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Definition
sclerotome
>spinal n's responsibilty for CT and jts
> nerve supply jt = supply mm that move the jt and/or the skin covering the attachments of those mm from embryo development= Hilton's law |
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Term
True or false?
You have a complete lesion at C4. This means that dermatomes and myotomes associated with C1 to C4 are fully functioning. All below C4 are affected. |
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Definition
True
>level of SC injury is indicated by the highest level that remains intact |
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