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Neurology part 2
Epilepsy, TBI, Alzheimer's, etc.
75
Nursing
Professional
11/17/2010

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Cards

Term
Three types of seizures to know are
Definition
Partial, Full and Absent
Term
Missing an antiepileptic dose, or toxicity of the med, could lead to
Definition
breakthrough seizures.
Term
Precursors to a seizure are called
Definition
aura
Term
A client experiencing a seizure may be given one of these three meds to stop the seizure:
Definition
valium, Ativan, or phenobarb (usual choice with children)
Term
A client treated with a medication to stop a seizure should be monitored for
Definition
respiratory depression, a common side effect.
Term
Common treatments to prevent seizures include
Definition
Dilantin, Neurontin, Depakote and Tegretol
Term
Clients on Dilantin should be instructed about the common side-effect of
Definition
gingivitis.
Term
Arterial hemorrhage in the brain is the usual cause of
Definition
epidural hematomas.
Term
Tears in veins around the brain is the usual cause of
Definition
subdural hamatomas.
Term
A burhole may be needed to relive pressure caused by
Definition
an epidural hematoma.
Term
A football player's head being "bounced around" in the pile can result in a
Definition
contracoup injury.
Term
A common nursing intervention to treat increased ICP is
Definition
hyperventilation (of the patient, not the nurse!)
Term
A common drug treatment for increased ICP is
Definition
mannitol, an osmotic diuretic
Term
A sign of increasing ICP on the left side is
Definition
dilation of the RIGHT pupil.
Term
Damage to the hypothalamus can result in lowered ADH production, which leads to
Definition
diabetes insipidus
Term
Diabetes insipidus can be the result of tramautic injury to the
Definition
hypothalamus.
Term
The consequence of increased ICP depends upon
Definition
degree and rate of increase.
Term
Shunting of CSF into the sub-arachnoid space is
Definition
a normal body response to reduce ICP.
Term
If a client shows signs of mildly increased ICP, the nurse may help reduce the pressure by
Definition
having the client hyperventilate.
Term
Early signs of increased ICP include
Definition
- restlessness
- irritability
- DECREASED LOC
- sluggish or fixed (and usually dilated) pupils
Term
A late sign of increased ICP, known as Cushing's triad, includes
Definition
- bradycardia
- bradypnea
- systolic hypertension
Term
Bradycardia, bradypnea, and systolic hypertension, as signs of increased ICP, are known collectively as
Definition
Cushing's triad.
Term
Late signs of increased ICP include
Definition
- Cushing's sign
- nausea/vomiting
- hemiplegia (paralysis)
- decortigate or decerebrate posture
Term
Difficulty speaking properly would indicate damage to the
Definition
broca center.
Term
Nursing intervention for increased ICP includes
Definition
- positioning with head up at least 30 degrees.
- decrease stimuli (low lights, quiet)
Term
Medications for treating increased ICP include
Definition
anticonvulsants, osmotic diuretics, antiemetics
Term
Spinal cord transsection may result in
Definition
paraplegia or quadriplegia
Term
The type of injury that commonly results in paraplegia or quadriplegia is called a
Definition
spinal cord transsection.
Term
A person with long-term memory problems may have a physical brain problem in the area known as the
Definition
hippocampus.
Term
After a lumbar puncture, the client should be monitored for
Definition
numbness and/or weakness below the puncture site.
Term
Nursing in prepration for an MRI should include
Definition
removal of all metal.
Term
Before performing an EEG, make sure the patient
Definition
has clean hair.
Term
After an EEG, the patient should
Definition
wash his head.
Term
Cerebellar dysfunction would result in
Definition
loss of balance, coordination, muscle tone, and posture.
Term
Treatment for ICP of over 24 would likely include
Definition
lumbar puncture.
Term
To protect the public from meningitis,
Definition
those diagnosed should be on isolation for 24 hrs.
Term
A client with pupils of unequal size is suffering from
Definition
anisocoria.
Term
The client who is unable to speak is suffering from
Definition
aphasia.
Term
The client whose eyes move involuntarily is suffering from
Definition
nystagmus.
Term
The scale used to measure LOC is called the
Definition
Glascow scale.
Term
A person with decerebrate postering likely has
Definition
damage to the upper brain stem.
Term
A person with decorticate postering likely has
Definition
damage to one or both corticospinal tracts.
Term
A client with arms flexed and extended away from the body is exhibiting
Definition
decerebrate posturing.
Term
A client with arms adducted and flexed upon the chest s exhibiting
Definition
decorticate posturing.
Term
The ability to speak clearly, but use incorrect words - "word salad" - is called
Definition
receptive aphasia.
Term
The inability to speak clearly - mumbling - is known as
Definition
expressive aphasia.
Term
The first thing to do when a patient has a seizure is
Definition
protect the patient's safety. Do not leave the patient alone.
Term
Progression of posturing in deteriorating brain function
Definition
decorticate - decerebrate - flacid (dead).
Term
A patient presenting with a headache, blurred vision, and weakness on one side may have
Definition
a brain tumor.
Term
A person with a brain tumor is most likely to die from
Definition
increased ICP.
Term
The test that most accurately detects brain tumors is
Definition
the MRI.
Term
Care planning for a client receiving brachytherapy should include
Definition
minimizing client contact with visitors and staff.
Term
A major issue that complicates the effectiveness of chemotherapy for treating brain tumors is
Definition
the blood-brain barrier prevents most chemicals from entering the brain, thus requiring high doses to be effective.
Term
A technique that attacks tumor cells while having minimal effect on normal tissue is called
Definition
stereotactic radiosurgery.
Term
A common med used in the treatment of swelling associated with brain tumors is
Definition
dexamethasone (Decadron).
Term
A client on dexamethasone (Decadron) should be monitored for
Definition
signs of Cushing's syndrome.
Term
Clients on Decadron should be cautioned about
Definition
discontinuing the medication abruptly.
Term
Status epilepticus is characterized by
Definition
seizures lasting at least 30 minutes with no return to consciousness.
Term
The priority nursing concern for a client with status epilepticus is
Definition
getting oxygen to the brain.
Term
A patient at risk for status epilepticus should have the following items in the room:
Definition
- valium or Ativan
- intubation equipment
Term
For patients treated with neuromuscular blockade drugs, verification that a seizure has stopped is done by
Definition
EEG.
Term
In the Alzheimer's patient, an abnormality exists within the protein of a neuron, which leads to the formation of
Definition
neuritic plaques.
Term
There appears to be a correlation in people over 40 between Alzheimer's and
Definition
Down's.
Term
The disease that is known for plaques and tangles is
Definition
Alzheimer's.
Term
The area of the brain usually affected first by Alzheimer's is the
Definition
hippocampus.
Term
A patient whose Alzheimer's has spread to the frontal lobes will likely display
Definition
personality changes and incontinence.
Term
The early stage of Alzheimer's lasts
Definition
2-4 years.
Term
The middle stage of Alzheimer's lasts
Definition
2-12 years.
Term
The stage of Alzheimer's at which hallucinations and seizures may occur is
Definition
the middle stage.
Term
During the middle stage of Alzheimer's, physical activity tends to
Definition
increase.
Term
The two classic signs of Parkinson's disease is
Definition
shuffling gait and pillrolling tremors.
Term
Parkinson's is the result of
Definition
decreased dopamine production.
Term
A patient presenting with tremors, muscle rigidity and akinesia likely has
Definition
Parkinson's.
Term
Generalized weakness, muscle fatigue and cramping, and difficulty with fine motor activities are
Definition
secondary symptoms of Parkinson's.
Term
Patients with Parkinson's usually die from
Definition
complications of immobility.
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