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neurology midterm
neuro MT
57
Health Care
Professional
03/02/2010

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Cards

Term
cortex sensory signs/symptoms
Definition
complex sensory loss
astereognosis/agraphestesia
visual spatial loss (neglect)
difficulty localizing
more conspicuous loss in hands
Term
cortex motor signs/symptoms
Definition
weakness or paralysis
spasticity w/ increased DTR
little if any atrophy
Term
Cortex special features
Definition
language/intellectual deficits
pathologic reflexes may be present
disturbances in memory and recall
Term
(subcortical) thalamus: sensory signs/symptoms
Definition
loss of primary sensory modalities
possible visual disturbances
spontaneous painful sensations
Term
(subcortical) Basal ganglia: motor signs/ symptoms
Definition
dyskinesiaa
abnormal posturing (dystonia)
possible hemiparesis
Term
subcortical special features
Definition
gait disturbances
Term
cerebellum sensory signs/symptoms
Definition
clumsiness and incoordination
Term
cerebellum motor signs and symptoms
Definition
ataxia and intention tremor
dysmetria and hypotonia
dysdiadochokinesia
possible depressed or pendular DTR's
Term
brainstem sensory signs/symptoms
Definition
sensory changes seen in cranial nerves and long tracts
Term
brainstem motor signs/symptoms
Definition
motor changes seen in cranial nerve territories and may be LMN or UMN signs
long tract involvement with UMN signs
Term
cerebelllum special features
Definition
possible signs of brainstem involvement
gait disturbances
possible disturbed eye movements
rebound phenomenon may be present
Term
brainstem special features
Definition
crossed signs of facial/body involvement
CN + long tract signs= brainstem lesion
Term
spinal cord sensory signs/symptoms
Definition
well demarcated level below which there is decreased sensory perception (sensory level)
modality variability
Term
spinal cord motor signs/symptoms
Definition
spastic weakness w/ increase DTR's
dysautonomia
acute injury has flaccid paralysis w/ decreased DTR's
Term
spinal cord special features
Definition
pathologic reflexes and clonus
bowel/bladder dysfunction due to autonomic disturbances
absence of fasciculation/atrophy
Term
nerve root (radiculopathy) sensory signs/symptoms
Definition
dermatomal loss of sensation
asymmetric distribution that may be distal or proximal
Term
nerve root (radiculopathy) motor signs/symptoms
Definition
flaccid weakness
decreased DTR's
presence of fasciculations
Term
nerve root (radiculopathy) special features
Definition
pain is usually present
atrophy w/ early fasciculations
Term
peripheral nerve signs/symptoms
Definition
territorial distribution of sensory loss
usually distal asymmetric loss
Term
peripheral nerve motor signs/symptoms
Definition
flaccid weakness
decreased DTR's
presence of fasciculations
Term
peripheral nerve special features
Definition
pain is usually present
atrophy or early fasciculations
Term
Neuromuscular junction sensory signs and symptoms
Definition
absence of sensory changes
Term
neuromuscular junction motor signs and symptoms
Definition
weakness that may be patchy in distribution
weakness noticed worse with exercise or later in the day
normal or reduced tone and DTR's
Term
neuromuscular junction special features
Definition
effects muscles of face, eyes and jaw early
can be tested by sustaining upward gaze
Term
myopathy sensory signs and symptoms
Definition
absence of sensory changes
Term
myopathy motor signs and symptoms
Definition
proximal weakness, usually symmetric absence of atrophy or fasciculations
normal DTR's and mass until late in disease
absence of sphincter disturbance
Term
myopathy special features
Definition
family history usually provides clues to diagnosis
Term
what area is the premotor cortex
Definition
area 6
Term
secondary somatosensory area
Definition
parietal operculum
Term
primary motor cortex
Definition
area 4
Term
supplementary motor area
Definition
area 6
Term
primary somatosensory cortex
Definition
area 3,1,2
Term
parietal association cortex
Definition
areas 5 & 7
Term
left brain controls
Definition
language function (broca and Wernickes)
Term
Unspoken language or printed word involves what part of the brain primarily
Definition
occipital
Term
where is wernicke's area
Definition
at the jct of parietal, occipital and temporal lobes
Term
lesion of MCA will cause
Definition
Term
deep branches of the MCA go to
Definition
the internal capsule
Term
where are most hemiparetic strokes
Definition
in the posterior limb of the internal capsule
Term
where are most motor programs stored
Definition
basal ganglia
Term
what will cause occlusion of lenticulostriate arteries
Definition
hypercholesteremia, hyperglycemia, polycythemia, dehydration, vasoconstrictive activities such as smoking
Term
lenticulostriate arteries go what
Definition
the putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus
Term
function of globus pallidus
Definition
tonically inhibits the thalamus
Term
blood to thalamus
Definition
PCA deep branches
Term
MCA gives blood to...
Definition
putamen, globus pallidus, internal capsule
Term
anterior choroidal artery gives blood to
Definition
hippocampus and temporal lobe along with PCA
Term
ACA gives blood to...
Definition
middle cerebrum and corpus callosum
Term
Major blood to occipital lobe
Definition
PCA
Term
trauma to the temple may cause...
Definition
damage to middle meningeal artery causing epidural hematoma
Term
what type of hemorrhages are subarachnoid
Definition
arterial, they pump a higher pressure of blood and are far more dangerous
Term
what is cushings phenomenon?
Definition
increases systolic pressure, heart rate drops, pressure continues to build w/in the cranium and on the brainstem
Term
what is medial temporal lobe involved in?
Definition
memory and recall
Term
what is papilledema?
Definition
blurred optic disc, vessels are engorged due to a pressure build up
Term
2/3 of the cord is supplied by....
Definition
the anterior spinal artery
Term
when we adjust, what area of the cord are we affecting
Definition
laminae I,II,III,IV
Term
where does pain enter the cord
Definition
laminae I and II
Term
what is hiltons law
Definition
the nerve supplying a joint also supplies both the muscle that moves the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles
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