Term
| benign tumor of Schwann cells affecting the vestibular part of CN VIII; may be part of Nuerofibromatosis; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with facial palsy and ipsilateral deafness; CT scan will show the lesion. |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic adrenal insufficiency caused by destruction of the adrenal cortex resulting in decrease cortisol, aldosterone and androgens; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, vomiting, muscle weakness, amenorrhea, spare axillary hair and increased skin pigmentation; |
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Definition
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Term
| Ragland’s test might be positive [drop in the blood pressure on standing]; hyponatremia and hyperkalemia is present, failure of serum cortisol after administration of ACTH is diagnostic. |
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Definition
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Term
| rapidly progressive degenerative neuromuscular condition resulting in lower motor neuron lesions in the upper limbs and upper motor neuron lesions in the lower limbs, along with dysphagia and dysarthria; |
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Definition
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: |
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Term
| MRI of the spine will show patchy sclerosis of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: |
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Term
| unilateral lower motor neuron of CN VII which may be associated with HHV type 6 or Lyme disease; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with the inability to smile and wrinkle the forehead on one side with ipsilateral loss of taste and hyperacusis on the same side. |
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Definition
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Term
| motor deficit as a result of cerebral ischemia due to intra-uterine injury; presents with delayed motor milestones and spastic gait. |
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Definition
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Term
| damage to the spinal cord in the cervical region due to a space-occupying lesion such as disc hernaition, tumor, abscess or very large osteophytes encroaching into the spinal canal; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with clumsiness of fine motor activity of the fingers and difficulty in walking due to a lower motor neuron in the upper limb and an upper motor neuron lesion in the lower limb, Lhermitte’s sign may be positive, Babinski sign may be present. |
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Definition
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Term
| MRI of the spine will identify the cause and confirm the compression of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with peroneal muscle atrophy; |
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Definition
| Charcot Marie Tooth disease: |
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Term
| may present with wasted peroneal muscles, high arch and claw toes along with loss of touch in the feet and legs along with the hands and arms. |
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Definition
| Charcot Marie Tooth disease: |
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Term
| Sudden onset of neurological deficits due to disruption of the blood supply of the brain; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with sudden onset of unilateral muscle weakness in the face [while retaining the ability to wrinkle the eyebrow] or the upper/lower limbs [upper motor neuron type] with or without sensory loss; |
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Definition
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Term
| CT scan and MRI will show the affected area and extent of the damage. |
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Definition
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Term
| traction trauma during a vertex delivery to the upper roots of the brachial plexus; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with the affected limb held in extension, with the forearm in pronation and the wrist in slight flexion. |
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Definition
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Term
| hereditary neurological condition which affects the basal ganglion which presents in adults; presents with chorea and mental deterioration. |
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Definition
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Term
| endocrine disease caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones; most commonly seen in Grave’s disease which is an autoimmune disorder; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, bilateral exophthalmos, goiter, palpitations, tachycardia, moist warm skin, fine tremors, intolerance to heat and weight loss in spite of an increased appetite; |
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Definition
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Term
| T3 and T4 will be elevated and TSH will be low. |
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Definition
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Term
| endocrine disease caused by under-secretion of thyroid hormones; Hashimoto’s disease is the most common cause in the USA and this is an autoimmune disorder; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, constipation, weight gain, hoarse voice, dry skin, brittle hair, loss of the outer third of the eyebrows and puffy eyelids |
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Definition
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Term
| raction injury during a breech delivery to the lower roots of the brachial plexus; presents with a claw hand. |
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Definition
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Term
| infection of the meninges; may be viral or bacterial; presents with fever, headache, neck stiffness and convulsions, Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s tests may be positive; |
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Definition
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Term
| leucocytes and bacteria may be present in the CSF in a lumbar puncture in bacterial meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic demyelinating neurological disease of unknown origin; seen more often in people of western European lineage living in cool climates; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with transient weakness, tingling in a limb, scanning speech, intention tremor and nystagmus with or without visual problems; |
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Definition
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Term
| MRI will show multiple white foci in the spinal cord and periventricular tissue of the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic neurological disease affecting the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia affecting older people; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with a shuffling gait, mask-like facies, tremor at rest and micrographia [hand writing becomes progressively smaller and smaller] |
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Definition
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Term
| rupture of one of the vessels in the circle of Willis, often seen in berry aneurysms; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with sudden onset of the worse ever headache with or without change in the level of consciousness, neck stiffness but no fever, Kernig’s and Brudzinsku’s tests may be positive; |
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Definition
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Term
| CT scan of the brain will confirm the bleeding, lumbar puncture will show blood in the CSF or may have a yellow tinge. |
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Definition
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Term
| dilation of the central canal of the spinal cord usually in the cervical region; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with loss of pain and temperature in the shoulder and upper limbs in a cape-like pattern; |
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Definition
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Term
| MRI will show the dilation in the cervical part of the spinal cord. |
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Definition
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