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cardiovascular conditions
Craft, J., Gordon, C., & Tiziani, A. (2011). Understanding pathophysiology. NSW: Elsevier
19
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
10/12/2014

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Cards

Term
another term to describe a stroke and why
Definition
cerebrovascular accident or infarction: death of neurone
Term
factors effecting type and severity of stroke symptoms (2)
Definition
which blood vessel(s) are effected or blood supply impairment to brain
Term
2 types of strokes and describe each
Definition
- ischaemic: cerebral vessels supplying brain are blocked
- haemorrhagic: cerebral blood vessels are bleeding into the brain
Term
2 types of ischaemic strokes and describe each
Definition
- thrombotic: blockage occurs within blood vessel that supplies brain tissue

- embolic: fragments that have broken off from blood vessels, travel systemically and become lodged in the small blood vessels in the brain. This causes ishaecmia and stroke
Term
most common cause of thrombotic stroke
Definition
fatty deposits (high cholesterol)/atherosclerosis
Term
TIA
Definition
transient ischaemic attack: temporary decrease of blood flow to brain . Causes brief changes in brain function
Term
symptoms and duration of TIA
Definition
vision changes, speech and motor deficits, dizziness and loss of consciousness
duration: neurological deficits should relieve before 24hours
Term
further complications of TIA
Definition
warning that a cerebral accident is occurring, or another TIA
Term
causes of TIA
Definition
spasms and narrowing of a blood vessel , or blood clot
Term
lacunar stroke- describe and location?
Definition
thromboic stroke (<1cm in diameter), located predominantly in deep brain regions (eg. pons and basal nuclei) in small attires
Term
lacunar stoke- causes? (3)
Definition
smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus
Term
lacunar manifestations (differences to other strokes)
Definition
only cause motor and/or sensory deficits only
Term
2 types of haemorrhagic strokes- describe each
Definition
- intracerebral

- subarachnoid
Term
causes of intracerebral haemorrhage (7)
Definition
related to hypertension, ruptured aneurysms, bleeding into a tumour, associated tithe bleeding disorders, anticoagulation drugs, head trauma and illicit drug use
Term
subarachnoid haemorrhage
Definition
bleeding of the brain into the space containing the cerebrospinal fluid (subarachnoid space)
Term
further complication of subarachnoid haemorrhage in relation to structure (excluding inflammation)
Definition
bleeding increases intracranial pressure and causes deficit in CSF fluid, these two contributing factors lead to an increase in intracranial pressure and a decrease of blood supply to the brain. Haematoma compresses and displaces the tissue of the brain
Term
haematoma-describe
Definition
clotted masses of blood within tissues
Term
subarachnoid haemorrhage in relation to inflammatory response
Definition
blood mass irritates neural tissue. Macrophages and astrocytes clear away the blood
Term
how cerebral haemorrhage resolves
Definition
reabsorption and formation of cavity decreases the intracranial pressure
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