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Neurologic Emergencies
Chapter 15
28
Medical
Undergraduate 1
06/22/2015

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Term
Aneurysm
Definition
A swelling or enlargement of part of a blood vessel, resulting from weaking of the vessel wall
Term
Aphasia
Definition
The inability to understand and/or produce speech
Term
Aura
Definition
A sensation experienced prior to a seizure
Serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur
Term
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Definition
An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function
Also called a stroke
Term
Coma
Definition
A state of profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused
Term
Dysarthria
Definition
Slurred speech
Term
Embolus
Definition
Clotting that forms in a remote area and travels to the site of blockage
Term
Febrile Seizures
Definition
Seizures that result from sudden high fevers, particularly in children
Term
Generalized Seizure
Definition
A seizure characterized by severe twitching of all of the body's muscles that may last several minutes or more
Formerly known as a grand mal seizure
Term
Hemiparesis
Definition
Weakness on one side of the body
Term
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Definition
One of the two main types of stroke
Occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain
Term
Hypoglycemia
Definition
A condition characterized by low blood glucose levels
Term
Incontinence
Definition
Loss of bowel and/or bladder control
May be the result of a generalized seizure
Term
Ischemia
Definition
A lack of oxygen in the cells of the brain that causes them to not functionproperly
Term
Ischemic Stroke
Definition
One of the two main types of stroke
Occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage (eg, a clot) inside a blood vessel
Term
Partial Seizure
Definition
A seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain
Term
Postictal State
Definition
A period following a seizure that lasts between 5 and 30 minutes
Characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered mental status
Term
Seizure
Definition
Generalized, uncoordinated muscular activity associated with loss of consciousness
A convulsion
Term
Status Epilepticus
Definition
A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last more than 30 minutes
Term
Stroke
Definition
An interruption in blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function
Also called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Term
Thrombosis
Definition
Clotting of the cerebral arteries that may result in the interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke
Term
Tonic-Clonic Seizure
Definition
A type of seizure that features rhythmic back-and-forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness
Term
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Definition
A disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop working because of insufficient oxygen, causing strokelike symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset
Term
Tests for Stroke
Definition
**Perform all 3**
Slurring speech
Facial movement
Arm movement
Term
Types of Seizures
Definition
Generalized (Grand Mal)
Partial (Petite Mal)
Status Epilepticus
Tonic-Clonic Seizure
Febrile
Term
Potential Causes of AMS
Definition
A - Acidosis/ Alcohol
E - Epilepsy/ Electrolytes
I - Insulin
O - Opiates/ Overdose
U - Uremia, Underdose
T - Trauma
I - Infection
P - Poisoning/ Psych
S - Stroke/ Seizure/ Syncope
Term
Diabetes Mellitus
Definition
Disease characterized by a deranged relationship of insulin and glucose
Term
Type I vs Type II Diabetes
Definition
Type I - Juvenile Onset; Insulin dependent
Type II - Adult Onset; Not enough insulin produced
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