Term
| Individual Variation in the brain: |
|
Definition
-blood supply
-which areas are devoted to particular fucntions
-interconnections between different areas
**history of early brain damage** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -noise from the damaged hemisphere could possibly affect the performance of the undamaged hemisphere through comissures (corpus collasum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-do not know extent to which functional reorganization is possible
-do not know if relearning some aspects of language is possible and in what tiem fram after damage this would occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-it takes a large # of patients to support an association between 2 symptoms
-it takes a very small # to demonstrate dissociation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-a patient is shown to have retained one ability and lost another.
-may not be due to the complete independence of the 2 processes; just that one depends on the other
A depends on B
- can lose A and B
- can lose just A
- can NEVER lose just B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-can conclude that the two abilities are independent of one another.
-either ability can be lost while the other is spared.
can lose ability A or B or both. |
|
|
Term
| adaptive or compensensatory behaviour |
|
Definition
-possible for certain linguistic behaviours show adaptive behaviours on the patients part.
-not nesessarily part of the same syndrome |
|
|
Term
| adaptive or compensensatory behaviour |
|
Definition
-possible for certain linguistic behaviours show adaptive behaviours on the patients part.
-not nesessarily part of the same syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-patients are variable in their performance from one session to the next
-this could be evidence of adaptive behaviour or could be a feature of aphasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-matched for sex, age, handedness and education
-may match left hemisphere-damaged patients with right hemisphere damaged patients to subtract generalized effects of brain damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-important generalizations can be gained from grouping subjects together
-allows for controlled experimental conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -subjects grouped together tend to share the same symptoms which are salient to the goal of the researcher |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-aphasic syndromes have somewhat different manifestations depending on the patient’s native language
-Broca’s aphasic’s may be less likely to drop inflection in languages that depend on them to mark syntactic status (not English) |
|
|
Term
| Caplan points out points why connectionist-based schemes of classification pose problems |
|
Definition
1)not all patients with same syndrome show same symptoms
2)many symptoms occur in more than one syndrome
3)attempts to discover differences in manifestation of the same syndrome have not been successful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -designed to lead to appropriate treatment that will improve patient’s life |
|
|
Term
| Research-oriented testing |
|
Definition
-to identify subject groups for experimental purposes
-further understanding of particular disorders & their correlation to neurological damage |
|
|
Term
| Psycholinguistic assessment of language (PAL) |
|
Definition
| -developed by Caplan-designed to identify deficits for research purposes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-quite comprehensive-provide classification of patient by specifying the aphasic syndrome they are suffering from.
-tests are standardized |
|
|
Term
| Boston Diagnostic Examination for Aphasia (BDAE) |
|
Definition
-aphasia test battery-divides each basic language function into sub-sections including:
body part identification, commands, complex ideational materials. |
|
|
Term
| Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT) |
|
Definition
-developed by Michel Paradis
-designed for speakers of languages other than English
-takes into account structures of particular language
-more culture-fair than tests translated directly from another language |
|
|
Term
| adaptive or compensensatory behaviour |
|
Definition
-possible for certain linguistic behaviours show adaptive behaviours on the patients part.
-not nesessarily part of the same syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Discourse Comprehension Test |
|
Definition
| -measure patients ability to communicate in everyday situations-not only for patients with obvious linguistic deficit. |
|
|
Term
| Communicative Abilities in Daily Living |
|
Definition
| -measure patients ability to communicate in everyday situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -examines picture naming abilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-tests both auditory processing and comprehension
-subject follows commands using coloured plastic tokens. |
|
|
