Term
| what is the function and origin of the corticospinal tracts? |
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Definition
| rapid, voluntary movements. esp distal ends of limbs. Area 4,6,3,1,2 |
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Term
| The dorsal funiculus of SC transmitd impulses for ipsilateral discriminative touch and proprioception. Gracilis is concerned with ___ and cuneatus with ___ |
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Definition
G=ground, leg and lower trunk
C=upper trunk,arm,neck |
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Term
| The axons of the cells in Gr/Cu pursue a curved corse to the midline as ___ ____ fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| After crossing the midline in the decussation of the medial lemniscus, what happens to Gr/Cu? |
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Definition
| ML is most conspicuous tracts of brainstem, occupying interval btn midline and inferior olivary nucleus in the medulla. Fibers go contralateral and rostral and twist and Cu becomes medial and Gr lateral. After traversing pons and midbrain, tract ends in VPL. This is the thalamic nucleus for general somatic sensation |
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Term
| what is the reticular formation? |
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Definition
| substantial part of dorsal part of brain stem in which the groups of neurons and intersecting bundles of fibers present a netlike (reticular) appearance in transverse sections. Thru its direct and indirect connections with all levels of the CNS, contributes to-sleep-arousal cycle, perception of pain, control of movement, regulation of visceral activity |
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Term
| All preganglionic axons release |
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Definition
| Ach and neurons that release this are called cholinergic |
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Term
| All post ganglionic axons release |
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Definition
| Norepinephrine. except those going to sweat glands-Adrenergic-Ach |
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Term
| What are the superior ganglion of CN 9,10 called? Inferior? |
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Definition
Superior Motor ganglion=jugular for both
Inferior Sensory ganglion=CN9-Petrosal CN10-Nodose (no sleep in vagus) |
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Term
| 80% of the fibers in vagus are |
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Definition
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Term
| GVA of sympathetic is responsible for what? Para? |
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Definition
| S=pain & temp; P=distension (muscle stretch in guts),touch, pressure, chemical |
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Term
| what is the inferior olive? |
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Definition
somatic sensory relay to cerebellum
spinoolivary-pain and temp
ML-touch,pressure,prop,tactile vibration
olviocerebellar tract via inf cerebellar peduncle |
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Term
| How are the dorsal column nuclei like the inferior olive? |
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Definition
they are somatic sensory relay to thalamus
Inf Olive-somatic sensory relay to cerebellum
both have tracts involving ML |
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Term
| what is the headquarters of auditory localization? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are at least 3 routes from the spinal cord to the thalamus and cerebral cortex...what are they |
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Definition
ML system
Neospinothalamic-
Paleospinothalamic- |
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Term
| what is another name for corticospinal tract? |
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Definition
| pyramidal tract. about 85% of corticospinal fibers cross over in the decussation of the pyramids |
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Term
| what is another name for corticospinal tract? |
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Definition
| pyramidal tract. about 85% of corticospinal fibers cross over in the decussation of the pyramids |
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Term
| what are the 7 nuclei of the raphe involved in? |
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Definition
| ascending serotonergic pathway-sleep/wakefulness, arousal. PAG/Raphespinal tract (descending) involved in pain gating. Inhibitory in substantia gelatinosa |
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Term
| What is the major production site of serotonin in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerve goes around a nucleus and creates a genu |
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Definition
| Facial nerve goes around the abducens nucleus creating facial colliculus-SVE to muscles of facial expression |
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Term
| what is the anterior commisure? |
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Definition
| bundle of axons that cross the midline in the lamina terminalis, transverses anterior parts of corpora striata and provides for additional communication btn temporal lobes similar to the neocortical component of the corpus callosum |
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Term
| what is the limbic system |
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Definition
| limbic lobe (parahippocampal and cingulate gyri and septal area), hippocampal formation (subiculum, hippocampus and dentate gyrus) amygdaloid body, etc |
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Term
| stimulation to amygdala results in.. |
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Definition
| fear, irritability and increased activity of sympathetic. Lesions in both lobes->abnormal sexual behavior and loss of STM |
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Term
| Hippocampus damage yields |
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Definition
| STM loss and new LTM then spreads to neocortex and loss of old LTM (Alzheimers) Ach booster |
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Term
| T or F the hippocampus is made of 6 consecutive layers of cells |
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Definition
| F. 3 consecutive layers-Archicortex. Neocortex is 6 |
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Term
| what is the cingulate gyrus? |
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Definition
| Lies immediately above the corpus callosum. It receives inputs from the thalamus and the neocortex, and projects to the entorhinal cortex via the cingulum. It is an integral part of the limbic system, which is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory, and is also important for executive function and respiratory control. |
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Term
| how are the rubrospinal tract and vestibulospinal tract related? |
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Definition
RS-facilitates activity of flexor muscles and inhibits act of extensor
VS- Facilitates activity of extensor and inhibits flexor |
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Term
| what are the 3 basal ganglia? |
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Definition
| Corpus striatum, substantia nigra, subthalmic nucleus |
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