Anatomical and functional unit of the nervous system consisting of a dendrite, cell body, & axon

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Sulcus (sulci)/

Gyrus(gyri)

Crevices of the brain (2/3s of the brain is found in the sulci)/

Ridges of the brain

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Medial:close to midline

Lateral-away from midline

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Afferent: conducts info centrally (ex. towards the spinal cord)

Efferent: conduct info peripherally (ex. away from the spinal cord)

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“The Bend” from Cephalic Flexure (~80°) at midbrain-diencehphalon juncture

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 innervates smooth muscle & glands; regulates homeostasis

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

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Central Sulcus, Lateral Sulcus

Central sulcus (Rolandic fissure): boundary between frontal & parietal lobes

  Lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure): boundary between temporal & frontal/parietal lobes

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Longitudinal fissure (interhemispheric fissure): Divides the cerebral cortex into 2 hemispheres

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  i.    Precentral gyrus(Precentral sulcus)

ii.    Superior frontal gyrus(Superior frontal sulcus

iii.    Middle frontal gyrus

  (Inferior frontal sulcus)

iv. Inferior frontal gyrus:Orbital part, Triangular part, Opercular part.    

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Insula

lies within the depths of the lateral sulcus and can only be seen when the temporal lobe is pulled away; involved in reception and integration of taste, visceral sensations, processing of pain, and vestibular functions

Socal Emotions (Lust, disgust)

Body states (hunger, craving, addiction)

Craniorachischisis

Spina bifida

(different types range from mild to severe)

 Myelomeningocele: herniation of spinal cord and meninges

Occulta: defect of vertebral column only

Anencephaly

Neural tube defects can be detected by

·         Holoprosencephaly

·         Fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

   Estimated 1 in 100 births

o   Most common cause of mental retardation and the leading preventable cause of birth defects in the United States.