Term
| What are the two types of cholinergic receptors and where do we see them? Where do we see adrenergic receptors? |
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Definition
1. Nicotinic;
-Basically all upper motoneuron junctions
-This includes NMJs, all ganglia, adrenal medulla, etc.
2. Muscarinic;
-Parasympathetic endings, and sweat glands for sympathetics
Adrenergic;
-Almost all sympathetic endings (exc. sweat glands), also the end action for the adrenal medulla |
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Term
| So, overall, what are parasympathetics, sympathetics, and NMJ at their endings? |
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Definition
-Para-->Muscarinic (all)
-Symp-->Adrenergic (not sweat)
-NMJ-->Nicotinic (all) |
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Term
| What is the general action of M1-4 receptors? |
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Definition
M1;
-GI secreation up (saliva and stomach)
M2;
-Heart rate down
M3;
-Sm. muscle up
-Vasodilation
-Gland secretion up
-accommodation
M4;
-Locomotion down |
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Term
| What are choline esters? Give 4 examples? Which ones don't act on nicotinic receptors? Which aren't degraded by AChE? |
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Definition
-They are choline and its analogs
-Act to stimulate cholinergic receptors to varying degrees
1. ACh
2. MethaCh
3. Carbamic acid
4. Bethanechol
-Meth and beth are muscarinic only
-Carb. and Beth aren't degraded by AChE |
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Term
| What are the plant alkaloids (3)? What about the synthetic alkaloids (2)? |
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Definition
1. Muscarine
2. Pilocarpine
3. Arecholine
1 Oxotremorine
2. Metoclopromine |
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Term
| What do we expect to see with these drugs? |
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Definition
-Excitation of the parasympathetic system
-Will have overall effect of slowing heart rate, upping gastric motility, & more glandular secretions (mucus, sweat, tears, etc.)
-For side effect then, we expect to see diarrhea, bradycardia, sweating, etc. |
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Term
| How do we treat muscarine poisoning? |
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Definition
| -Treat with **atropine (poison that suppresses para) |
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Term
| What is atropine? What will it cause? |
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Definition
-It is a muscarine analog (comp. inhibition) from deadly night shade
-Will cause tachycardia, urinary retention & constipation, hyperthermia (all from inhibiting para) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two ganglionic blockers he wanted us to know? |
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Definition
1. Hexamethonium
2. Trimethaphan
-These will act similarly to *blocking para (lower motility, urinary retention, tachycardia, cycloplegia (no accommodation), mydriasis (dilated pupil), anhydrosis, etc.
-More or less, anything that needs ANS stimulation will be relaxed |
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