Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Neuro
1st Exam
126
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
09/28/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

CN I Name, Type, Location

Definition

 

 

 

 

Olfactory - Sensory - Smell

Anterior Frontal Lobe

Term

 

 

 

CN II  Name, Type,  Function Location

Definition

 

 

 

Optic - Sensory - Vision - Midbrain/retina

Term

 

 

 

CN III Name - Type - Location

Definition

 

 

Oculomotor - Motor - Eye Muscle - elevation of eyelid

 

Parasympathetic response - Pupil response & Accommodation

 

Midbrain, very sensitive to pressure changes

Term

 

 

 

CN IV Name - Type - Location

Definition

Trochlear - Motor - Eye movement superior and oblique

 

Instruction if deficit

 

Hold on to rails going down stairs and feel out steps with heel

 

Lower midbrain

Term

 

 

CN V Name, Function, Location

Definition

 

 

Trigeminal, Sensory Sensation to the face

Corneal Reflex

Motor Mastication

 

Location: Pons

Term

 

 

 

CN VI Name - Function - Location

Definition

Abducens

Motor Moves Eye laterally

 

Location Inferior Pons

 

Deficit Diplopia , inability to look laterally

Term

 

 

 

CN VII Name - Function - Location

Definition

Facial

 

Sensory Pain, Temp Taste 

Anterior 2/3 tongue

 

Motor facial muscles

Lacrimation(Tearing)/ Salivation (saliva

Term

 

 

 

CN VIII Name - Function - Location

 

Definition

Acoustic/Vestibulocochear

 

Sensory Hearing, Vestibular balance

 

Deficits - dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss

 

Location Pons Medulla Junction

 

Test Weber Test

Term

 

 

 

CN IX Name - Function - Location

Definition

Glossopharyngeal

 

Sensory - pain, temp, sensation from ear

 

Taste Posterior 1/3 Bitter Sour

 

Motor skeletal muscles throat

 Parasympathetic parotid gland secrete saliva

Blood pressure Carotid/O2 status

 

Medulla

Term

 

 

 

 

CN X Name - Function - Location

Definition

 

 

Vagus

 

Pharynx muscle contraction

Voice production, sensory of pharynx to larynx

Thoracic and abdominal viscera

Parasympathetic cardiac response and HCL stomach acid production

 

Medulla

Term

 

 

 

CN XI Name - Function - Location

Definition

Spinal Accessory

 

Motor movement of pharynx, larynx, sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius

 

Medulla

Term

 

 

CN XII Name - Type - Function - Location

Definition

 

Hypoglossal

 

Motor Movement of the tongue

Term

 

 

Anisocoria

Definition

 

 

unequal pupil sizes

Term

 

 

Hippus

Definition
Non-rhythmic fluctuations in pupillary size when their is steady illumination
Term

 

 

Ptosis

Definition
Blepharoptosis, also referred to as ptosis, is defined as an abnormal low-lying upper eyelid margin with the eye in primary gaze.
Term

 

Amaurotic Pupil

Definition
"blind eye," with no light perception as a result of an optic nerve lesion.
A.) Pupils are of equal size.
B.) Neither pupil reacts when the defective eye is stimulated.1.) There is no direct light response.
2.) There is no consensual light response to the contralateral eye.C.) Both pupils react when the contralateral eye is stimulated.1.) Direct light response is present.
2.) Consensual light response is present.D.) Near reflex is normal.
Term

 

 

 

Miotic pupil

Definition
Second pupil 2mm of less
Term

 

 

Mydriatic

Definition
Dilation of the pupils, if not expected possibly due to disease, trauma, of use of drugs
Term

 

 

ipsilateral

Definition
On the same side of the body
Term

 

 

Linear Fracture

Definition

 

 

Simple, clean break in which the impacted area of bone bends inward and the area around it bends outward.

Term

 

 

TBI Depressed Fracture

Definition

 

 

The bone is pressed inward into the brain tissue to at least the thickness of the skull

Term

 

 

TBI Open Fracture

Definition

 

The scalp is lacerated, creating a direct opening to the brain tissue

Term

 

 

TBI Comminute Fracture

 

Definition

 

Involves fragmented bone with

depression into the brain tissue

Term

 

 

Closed Head Injuries

Contusion

Definition

 

Is a bruising of the brain tissue and is most commonly found at the site of impact

 

 

Term

 

 

Closed Head Injury

Concussion

Definition

 

Shaky movement of the brain and may be mild  or more severe.  Some patients lose consciousness of a short time

 

come back if their our any changes in LOC, HA, N/V, no more than 2hrs sleeps without being woken up

Term

 

 

Closed Head Injury

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI)

Definition

 

 

Usually related to high-speed acceleration/deceleration as with automobile accidents.  Significant damage occurs to axons in the white matter. Damage may be found in the corpus callosum, midbrain, cerebellum, and upper brainstem

 

Mild, Moderate, - vessels intact

Large - could be some bleeds

 

Mild complete recovery

Injuries before 5yrs have a better change of recovery

 

 

Term

 

 


Closed Head Injury

Laceration

Definition

 

Causes actual tearing of the cortical surface vessels, which may lead to secondary hemorrhage and significant cerebral edema and inflammation.

Term

 

 

 

Acceleration Injury

Definition

 

caused by an external force contacting the head, suddenly placing the head in motion

Term

 

 

 

Tension HA

Definition

 


Causes Sleep Deprivation, Stress

 

Treatment ASA, Ibuprofen, Tricyclic (must do depression screening first), beta blockers (must do cardiac profile, how is this going to effect the cardiovascularly)

Term

 

 

Migraine HA

Definition

Women affected more than men

 

Has the same pattern:

 

Triggers (PMS)Premenstral, food oriented (red wine, caffeine, allergies,Sensor stimuli, change in sleep pattern, medications, weather changes

 

 

1st phase aura - vasoconstriction

2nd phase vasodilation N/V

3rd phase wipedout - tired

 

Treatment Imitrex and topamax must sign release, to take birth control

Term

 

 

Cluster HA

Definition

Affects mostly men

 

Have couple of headaches and then don't experience any for several months

 

Duration is 30-90 minutes

 

Visual

 

Treatment ASA, Oxygen

Term

 

 

Wedge Fracture

Definition

 

 

Intense pressure to a single point

 

Blood clots under it..  could be subdural hematoma

Term

 

 

Penetration - Shock Theory

Definition

 

Object or bullet - not where the bullet enters but exits, movement of the head in transport; if the head has been joustle it can cause additional injury

 

? ate meal before being shot

Term

 

 

Coup & Contracoup

Definition

Coup Original injury

 

Contracoup first compensation ventricles enlarge

2nd compensation their is a shift...  causing 2ndary injury

 

 

Term

 

 

Epidural Hemorrhage

 

 

Definition

 

 

Inner most area, very vascular, fast bleed.  Most patient die

Term

 

 

Subdural Hematoma

Definition

 

Slow bleed, veins, instruct them to return if they begin experiencing 2-3weeks later, decreased level of consciousnes

 

glasgow coma

Term

 

 

Subarchnoid Hemorrhage

Definition

 

 

mainly posterior - basalar artery

 

Very fast, very extensive, hard to control

 

Rehab difficult. 24-48 r/f secondary bleed

 

Term

 

 

Intercerebral Hemorrhage

Definition

 

 

Massive amount of pressure changes on vessels

 

long term hx of HTN, progressive of bleeds

Term

 

 

 

ICP Classic Triad

Definition

 

 

Bradycardia, decreased respirations, rising systolic, wide pulse pressure (

Term

 

 

ICP Symptoms of the Eye

Definition

 

CN II Change in Snellen Eye Chart - Change in field cuts

 

CN III

Nystagmus - The involuntary eye movements of nystagmus are caused by abnormal function in the areas of the brain that control eye movements. ,

Midratic - dilation of the eye

Myopia - near sightedness

 

CN IV

Term

 

 

ICP Airway Assessment

Definition

 

Not going to be able to control the airway so you vent the patient

Term

 

 

Oral Gastric tube

Definition

 

CN X Vagus Nerve

Stimulate HCL production in stomach

Term

 

 

 

ICP 2 Arterial Lines

Definition

 

One for delivery warm saline 0.9%

One for Blood

Neuro likes blood high HCT/HBG

Term

 

 

Normal Urine output

Definition

 

Adult 30-60ml/hr

 

Child 0.5-1ml/kg/hr

Term

 

 

Monroe-Kellie Hypothesis

Definition

 

Only so much space in the brain

 

May drill holes in the skull to relieve pressure

Term

 

 

 

Intraventricular/Camino Catheter

Definition

Inserted into ventricles 1or 2

 

Can remove CSF; control method of managing ICP, only one

 

Subarchnoid screw can only monitor fluid

 

Both are r/f infection

Term

 

 

Licox system

Definition

 

Monitoring temp and oxygen

 

Brain always 2 degrees higher than body

Term

 

 

IICP Concept

Definition

 

Initially dilating; an increase in blood flow to brain...  increase oxygenation

 

Ventricles enlarge; shunting of CSF from cranial compartment to ventricles

 

Compensatory Mechs - midline shift then enlargement of 3 and 4

 

Problem decrease in cerebral blood flow leads to further hypoxia

 

Cytotoxic or cellular edema occur as a result of hypoxic insult

 

Interstitial edema

Term

 

 

CPP (Cerebral Perfusion Pressure)

Definition

 

Normal Value 80-100 below 60 brain is dying

CPP = MAP - ICP

Map we like it 90

 

ICP Normal 10, 15 a problem, 20 Major

Term

 

 

Transcranial Doppler

Definition

 

 

Monitors cerebral blood flow - indicating brain activity

Term

 

 

Barbiturate Coma - ICP Treatment

Definition

 

Phenobarbital 5-10g/kg/IV over 60 minutes initial dosage by Anesthesiologist - can reduce brain metabolism by as much as 50%

 

Cause a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure, can't go below 60

 

Pt able to tolerate drug - lab data to assessment before treatment - O2 state (respirator) BUN (enough fluid on board) & Creatinine, LFT (AST Substance, ALT Liver function)

 

Short term sedation treatment 24-48 hrs

 

Worry about rebound hypertension

Term

 

Pavulon/Norturon - neuromuscular blocking agent

 

Definition

 

s/e Bradycardia

 

Antedote is Atropine

 

R/f for Blood Clot need to make sure SCD's are on

Term

 

 

Hypothermia

Definition

 

Decrease temperature by 1 degree decrease 7% of metabolic demand

 

Monitor temperature on foley (measuring the urine), or with a thermal blanket a rectal probe may be used.

 

S/E Get too cold you shiver, pull the temp done but not too much

Term

 

 

 

CSF Removal

Definition

 

 

Intraventricular/Camino Catheter

Term

 

 

Promote Venous Drainage

Definition

 

 

45 degree angle, straight neck, promotes venous drainage

 

 

Term

 

 

Mannitol

Definition

 

 

Osmotic diuretic - 

 

give bolus then use lasix to get it out of the body

 

Orders for Electrolytes

Term

 

 

 

Decadron

Definition

 

Glucocorticoids - to reduce swelling

 

Got to watch glucose...  don't want metabolic acidosis

Term

 

 

Prophylatic Hyperventilation

Definition

 

Used initially to get additional oxygenation

 

Long term it increased ICP

Term

 

 

Hydrocephalus

Definition

 

Water on the brain - fluid is trapped

 

Put in a shunt - into the juglar in adults, stomach of child

 

How do you know its working? mental status change

 

Indictations its not working

HA, Visual changes, N; head thrashing, screaming

Term

 

 

Herniation

Definition

 

closure of ventricle 3-4

 

Not controlling ICP

Look at eyes - dilation of one side; pressure change in that eye, Hippus dilating constricting

 

 

Term

 

 

Stress Ulcers

Definition

 

CN X Vagus - secretion of HCL - Pepcid, PPI

Term

 

Intercranial Cerebrospinal Fistula

Definition

 

Abnormal opening in brain, sometimes occurs with infection, brain injury leads to tunneling sometimes occurs with craniotomy(abnormal opening)

 

From Head to nose - glucose drip from nose

Term

 

 

Diabetes Insipidus

Definition

 

 

decreased posterior pituitary ADH, injury of hypothalmus

 

Usually discovered in 1st few days

 

Increase in urine output, specific gravity low

 

Serum Na High

 

Treatment Pitresson (IV) Desmopressin (can be given PO, Nasal Spray, Sub-q

 

CN IX, X, XI, XII

Glossalpharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal

 

Term

 

 

SIADH

Definition

 

Adnormal Hi secretion of ADH

 

Water intoxication

 

IICP MAJOR

 

Injury Subarchanoid bleed, encephalitis, menigitis, guillam barre,Tegretol, Barbituates

 

decreased urine output - 4-5ml/hr major emergency

 

SG very high, Serum Na low

 

Treatment Lasix, Antibiotic Declomycin

 

Demeclocycline works by increasing the amount of water in your urine to more normal levels

 

 

Term

 

 

Arteriovenous Aneurysms

Definition

 

Malformation between artery and vein

 

Artery blows and the person dies

Term

 

 

Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema - ARDS

 

Definition

 

 

Pressure mismatch, cardiac failure, stress of cardiac sent them into this.  Treat PEP, greater lung expansion..  causes IICP

Term

 

 

Temperature regulation

Definition

 

 

Issue infection or hypothalamus issues with regulation

Term

 

 

Seizures

Definition

Electronic malfunction of the brain

 

increases O2 demand by 250%

 

seizure is related to areas of injury

 

Term

 

 

 

Grand Mal - Tonic Clonic

Definition

 

 

Whole brain seizure

 

change in vein pressure

 

Term

 

 

 

Myoclonic Seizure

Definition

 

 

movement seizure

 

Single, cluster, jerk

Term

 

 

 

Generalized/ Absence/ Petite Mal

Definition

 

Associated with part of the brain

 

Type children get - associated with lip smacking, staring

 

Have to rule out sleep deprivation, glucose exchange      (don't have good glucose control, glucose levels drop)

 

Have diagnostic marker look at EEG and you can see a difference in the pattern

Term

 

 

Atonic

Definition

 

Just lose muscle control and fall down

 

Some get an aura or prewarning sign

 

Significant risk for head injury, have to be very aware of Can be unconscious for several minutes

 

Signs flash of light, legs feel heavy,

Term

 

 

 

Partial Seizures - Complex/Simple

Definition

Huge category - only a portion of head

 

Used to be cause Temporal Lobe seizures

 

Muscle Movement, Partial loss of consciousness, no warning

Term

 

 

Status Epilepticus

Definition

Continuation of seizures activity lasting up to 30minutes

 

seen in a noncompliant patient stopped taking dilantin

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Procedures for seizure

Definition

 

Nothing in the mouth during seizure

 

Turn their head to the side

 

Loosen their clothing at neck line

 

Will be very tired after seizure

 

May be incontinent of B & B provide privacy afterwards

 

Can work in many fields but will have certain limitations

Term

 

 

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Definition

 

Used for Tonic-Clonic, partial, status epilepticus

 

Therapeutic levels 10-20mcg/ml

HALF LIFE 15-30hr 7days reach a steady level

 

DO NOT MIX WITH DEXTROSE - results in crystallization in the IV tubing, IV admin must be separate sign, must be diluted with saline (can cause phlebitis)

 

Do not admin faster than 50mg per minute; rapid admin can cause CARDIAC ARREST

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Definition

 

Used for Tonic-Clonic, partial seizures

 Must have CBC before first use.

Cell Specific

Contraindicated for Bone marrow depresssion (CA), hematologic alteration

Therapeutic level 5-12mcg/ml

Half life 12hrs 2 days for steady drug levels

 

Given PO Oil preparation c meals rinse cup 3x min

 

Inhibit Birth Control and coumadin

 

S/e HA, vertigo, unstead gait, visual nystigmus, blurred vision, diplopia, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia (clotting anormality)

Term

 

 

Phenobarbital

Definition

Used for Tonic-clonic, partial seizures, convulsive Status epilepticus

Half life 5-12 hrs

 

Seperate iv sites has many incompatibilities - mix with sterile water/ if precipitate discard, use within 30 minutes check vial dose calcultation (do not admin faster than 60mg/min

 

Max dse 20mg/kg always double check with another nurse

 

Must stay with patient for the 1st 30 minutes of IV dosage(Airway)

 

Pregnancy Cat D 

 

S/E Hepatic failure, CNS somnolence, depression coma, death

Term

 

 

 

Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

Definition

Used for absence seizures

 

Half life 30 hrs 3 days to reach steady level

 

Monitor CBC, Liver, Mood changes,

 

Admin c food

 

S/E Hiccups, N&V Leukopenia,

Term

 

 

Valproic Acid (Depakote)

Definition

Used for Tonic-clonic, partial, absence, myclonic, atonic,

 

Half life 5-20hrs 3 day for steady level

 

Liver toxic

Monitor CBC, LFT (AST, ALT), PT/PTT

 

Used for instutitionalize

 

Potentiates Phenobarbitol, Dilantin

 

S/E GI upset, weight gain, retinal detachment, Thrombocytopenia, Jaundice, and Lots of others

Term

 

 

 Clanazepam (Klonopin)

Definition

Used for Absence, myoclonic, atonic seizures

 

Contra liver dysfun and narrow angle glaucoma

 

Half-life 50hrs, 10days steady drug level

 

Pregancy C

S/E Sedation, Alopecia, Hirsutism

Term

 

 

 

Definition
Term

 

 

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Definition

Used for partial seizures and nerve pain

 

take two hrs after antacid

 

no liver interaction, excreted intacted

 

S/E somnolence, ataxia, drowiness, increase in appetite/weight gain

Term

 

 

Oxcarbaxepine (Trileptal)

Definition

Used for Partial Seizures

 

Half life 5 hrs

 

Monitor sodium; hangs onto sodium

Term

 

 

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Definition

 

Half life 24hrs

 

Excreted in urine Blocks sodium channels

 

Rash supposed to report it including Steven Johns

Term

 

 

Topiramate (Topamax)

Definition

Uses partial seizures

 

peak 2hrs not affected by food

 

Lots of S/E

 

Can cause Metabolic acidosis, reduced sweating, hyperthermia with increased activity, angle closure glaucoma,

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Meningnitis Symptomology

Definition

 

 

Classic s/s HA, Fever, Stiff Neck

 

Photophobia, Dec LOC N&V

 

Infants alert Petechial Rash - initial symptom of DIC in babies; associated with meningacoccal bacteria

 

Term

 

 

 

Meningitis symptom

Kernig's sign

Definition

 

 

Flexing the patient’s hip 90 degrees then
extending the patient’s knee causes pain.

Term

 

 

Meningitis symptom

Brudzinski Sign

Definition

 

 

Flexing the patient’s neck causes flexion of
the patient’s hips and knees.

 

Probably the most common

Term

 

 

 

Bacterial Meningitis

Definition

 

Strept Pneumonia (G+) seen most in children under 5

 

Neisseria (G-) most common; Prisons, military, big college campuses (progressive outbreak) why vaccines are required

 

Listeria (G+) usually hotdogs, unpasteurized yogurt

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Meningitis Summary of Symptoms

Definition

 

Kernigs/Brudzinski

 

IICP

 

SIADH

 

Septic Emboli - damage to vessel structure (CMST Eval)

 

Labs - Gram staining (determine organism), WBC, Electrolyte mismatch, coag profile

 

Neuro Assessment - Altered Pupils Size Shape-

CN II Optic Nerve

CN III Oculomotor

CN IV Trochlear

CN VI Abducens

CN VII Facial

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear - Loss of hearing

Term

 

 

 

Hemophilius Influenza - Vaccine

Definition

 

 

Given 2mo, 4mo, 6mo, booster 12-15 mo

Term

 

 

Spinal Tap

 

 

Definition

 

 

Very cloudy

 

Important to understand kit

 

labeling of tubes, slide prepared

Term

 

 

Viral Meningitis or Aseptic Meningitis

Definition

 

Common in summer or fall, had chicken pox or measles

 

Could be herpes associated

 

Term

 

 

 

Fungal Meningitis

Definition

 

100% Fatal for AIDS patient it is fatal, extreme HA

 

Go into coma less than 48hrs

Term

 

 

Parasitic Meningitis

Definition

 

 

Water areas unprotected, Amoeba or Worm

 

Pond, water areas, where freezing for frost doesn't occur

 

Hard to

 

 

Term

 

 

Meningitis Treatment

Definition

Isolation, ADL slowing down, BR, IV fluid monitor - lytes

 

Meds

Decadron - Anti-inflammatory

Mannitol - Osmotic Diuretic

Lasix - remove fluid from body

Dilantin - seizure prevention

ASA - watch bleeding

 

 

 

Term

 

 

Treatments for particular organisms

Definition

Neisseria - Penecillin G or Rocephin

Strep - Rocephin or Vancomycin (check levels watch kidneys)

Listeria - Ampicillin Gentamyacin (Nephrotoxic, Hearing loss usually kids

HI - Claforan

Mycobacterium - TB routine (Liver, Kidneys), pregnancy protected

Fungal - Amphotericin

Parasitic - Amphotericin (Liver, Kidney Toxic

 

Term

 

 

Encephalitis

Definition

 

Inflammation of Brain tissue & Meninges

 

Cerebrum, Cerebellum (alteration in gait and balance), Brain Stem

 

Viral, Arboviruse, Herpes (Acute attack), Cytomegalovirus, Amebae

 

s/s HA, fever, N/V, vertigo, stiff neck, motor dysfunction, tremors, IICP, LOC, complications (DIC)

 

Treatment - Manitol decadron

Term

 

 

Brain Abscess

Definition

 

Purulent Infection, Most bacterial Strep & Staph in the frontal and temporal area

 

Sources - Berr Holes, Craniotomy, Camino Catheter

 

Symptoms - HA, Chills,

 

CN II, IV, VI

 

Labs Specimens (Nose, throat, ears, wound)

 

Treatment PCN, if anerobic Flagyl

Manitol, Decadron

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Stroke, Brain Attack, Cerebrovascular Accident

Definition

 

790,000 strokes per yea (75% 1st incident)

 

Non-modifiable - age, sex (male), low birth rate, race, genetic

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Primary Modifiable R/F

Definition

HTN - lose weight, reduce stress, stop smoking

 

Cigarette Smoking - don't smoke in front of kids

 

Diabetes & PAD - controlled (watching HA1C), structure but its also exercise do step thing (give them an actually exercise routine

 

Atrial Fibrillation - coumadin

 

Dyslipidemia - family tendency, have to document patient teaching

 

Carotid artery stenosis - using doppler to examine, increased glucose levels irritates the veins

 

Sickle Cell Disease

 

Post-Menopausal Hormone Therapy - short term duration

 

Diet, Sedentary Lifestyle Obesity & Body distribution (focus on children)

Term

 

 

2ndary Modifiable R/F

Definition

Metabolic Syndrome inability to regulate sugar

Excessive EtOH intake - alternative life

Drug Abuse

Oral Contraceptive >35, smoke, how often using

Sleep Disorder Breathing (Apnea) - small burst of hypoxia - mask, dental insert, pillows

Migraine -change in vessel structure, hormone, food, family hx

Hyperhomocytseinemoia - increased homocystine, DM

Elevate Lipoprotein

Hypercoag - high platelet levels major factor, meds to decrease

Infection

 

Term

 

 

New role in ER

Definition

 

High portion of Americans w/o insurance

 

Identify risk - do screening (modifiable r/f)

Screen (glucose levels, LDL's)

Preventive Tx

Refer

Lifestyle Mod - diet and weight control, physical activity, smoking cessation, EtOH

Term

 

 

Aspirin Regiment

Definition

 

 

Not recommended for low-risk subjects

Term

 

 

Alliance for Healthier generation

Definition

 

1 in 3 children; 2-19 yrs are obese or overweight

 

Risk for HTN, Hi Cholesterol, DM II

 

Eliminate childhood obesity, inspire lifelong habits

 

Decrease prevalence, decreas obesty

 

School lunch program

Healthy Schools

Obesity counseling and management

 

Term

 

 

Power to End Stroke

 

Definition

 

AA are at highest risk

 

increase awareness of impact of stroke and benefit of controlling HBP and DM

 

Stroke pledge and community outreach

 Empowerment of individual

Talk with Dr. Walking program, Stroke risk assessment, healthcare screening

Term

 

 

 

Health Promotion program

 

 

 

Definition

Go Red for Women

 

Heart Risk Assessment

 

Choose to move (online 12wk exercise program)

Dietary planning

 

Heart Profilers

online learning guide for treatment of cardiovascular

 

Heart hub

Prevention and management

online discussion

 

Heart RX - Pt Ed

 

Personal Health Record - Home monitoring

 

Heart Savor CPR

 

Start - Employee Program

 

Stroke Registry

Term

 

 

 

Warning Signs of Stroke

Definition

Sudden weakness or numbness of face, arm, leg (same side)

 

Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or understanding (lang formation)

 

Sudden difficulty in vision in one or both eye (CN II, III, IV, VI)

 

Suddens difficulty in walking, loss of balance, dizziness, coordination - cerebellar test

 

Sudden, severe HA with no known cause - subarchnoid hemorrhage

 

 

Term

 

 

Transient Ischemic Attack - Warning signs of stroke

Definition

 

5 million have them each year

 

Can occur in brain, spinal cord, retina

 

Symptoms: new definition <1 hr

Old definition <24hrs

 

Rationale

10-15% stroke within 3hrs, 50% stroke in 48hrs

 

RIND - Reversible Ischemic Neurological Deficit

 

Older term

Symptoms lasting 24hrs but less than 1 wk

Term

 

 

Stroke

Definition

 

Caused by a change in normal blood supply to the brain; it can not store O2 or glucose therefore must receive constant flow of blood to provide for normal functioning, in addition blood flow is need for removal of metabolic waste.

Term

 

 

 

Ischemic strokes

Definition

Occlusion of a Cerebral Artery - most important r/f HBP

 

Thrombotic

clot blocks flow = r/t arteriosclerosis, atheromas, plaques, lesions, and decreased vessel elasticity

 

Most common - points of division (Bifurcations)

carotid - s/s decreased vision, hemiparesis, aphasia

Vertebrobasilar - vertigo, tinnitus, and blurred vision

 

Lacunar Stroke - 25% of thrombotic strokes 2nd time around - non compliant HTN, hi lipids, EtOH abuse; usually frontal lobe

 

 

Term

 

 

Embolitic Stroke

Definition

 

30% of all strokes; traveling clot

 

Common causes: atrial fibrillation, MI, Carotid post. op, mitral valve - middle cerebral artery most common in embolic stroke

 

symptoms based on location, paralysis and expressive aphasia, LOC: awake, no seizure

Term

 

 

Hemorrhagic stroke

Definition

Bleed between the brain and skull

 

caused by aneurysm - ballooning or blistering along normal artery bleeding into the subarchnoid space, ventricles, and or intracerebral tissue.  Vasospasm, a sudden or periodic constriction of a cerebral artery,

Term

 

 

Intracerebral Stroke

Definition

Bleed into the tissue of the deep brain

 

At risk for this type of bleed and stroke are chronic subdural hematoma becoming acute, bleeding disorders, coumadin patient

 

s/s HA vomiting, hemiplegia, seizure

 

Term

 

 

 

Miami Emergency Neuro Deficits

Definition

 

 

Basic Data - Age, gender, chief compliant

Symptom onset - Last time w/o s/s 

 FAST Face Droop, Arm Drift, Slurred Speech, Time, Supplemental Info (recent surgery, trauma, or MI, meds and allergies, BP, Glucose

Term

 

 

Labs for Stroke

Definition

CBC with diff, platelets, Factor Assays, Pt, ptt, fibrinogen, troponin, glucose

 

UA for sepsis, C&S BMP, BUN, creatinine

 

IV fluids, thrombolytics & meds ( no dextrose)

 

 

Term

 

 

ER treatment

Definition

Bp - no antihypertensives in the field

 

O2 (2-3L) Pulse-ox >92

 

Glucose <50 ER Orders

 

IV - saline only, load and go

 

 

Term

 

 

BP Treatment

Definition

Diastolic >120 or Systolic > 220

 

Rx: labetalol (tachycardia) nicardipin (bradycardia, CHF, COPD)

 

Causes of increased BP: hypoxia,  IICP, brain hemorrhage, pain,  nausea, full bladder, and loud environment

Term



TPA Protocol

Definition

Time to give 3hrs that time has been extended to 6hrs


Labs results verify (Clotting factors)


CT w/ reading: verify no hemorrhage (if hemorrhage can't give TPA will kill pt)


All lines and tubes must be inserted before admin of TPA

If you have a leak it can be a major problem


Dosage: pt weight/kg


Total max dose 90mg

Safety alert remain portion of does not be infused must be discarded and waste must be verified


Given in divided dose - when drawing up med always verify

10% given as a bolus over 1 min

90% given over the next 60 min


10% given to make sure there is not reaction to med; allergy s/s airway order histamines, corticosteroids, epinepherine


Severe HA, acute HTN, N&V orders MD, CT scan


Monitor VS, Neuro, site q15min/2hrs

no anticoags or anti-platelets for 24hrs

Flat for 6hrs

Term

 

 

ICU treatment

Definition

Monitor post TPA - cardiac monitor, VS, Neuro, Site, Arm and leg, weakness q 30min for 6hrs, then q1hr for 16hrs, then q4hrs

 

Monitor for bleeding

 

Position flat for 6hrs, legs straight with bedrest for 24hrs

 

Ct 24 hrs post TPA to exclude hemorrhage before anticoag admin

 

BP protocols differe before TPA and after

 

Term

 

 

ICU Treatment Continue

Definition

Glucose monitor accu check >140 regular insulin

Hypoglycemia is 50% glucose

 

Cerebral edema may occur not or in the next 5 days is IICP same as trauma - treatment mannitol, decadron

 

Seizure medication Dilantin, Tegretol after stroke

 

MD verifies all meds

 

Acetiminophen 650mg prn q4-6hrs for pain or temp >99.6

O2 stats <92% 2-4L/ NC, Lung sounds q4hrs

 

Aspiration/Swallow assessment - video fluoroscopy (CN IX, X, XI, XII)

 

 

Term

 

 

Nursing Unit Day 2-5

Definition

 

 

MD Verifies orders

 

Prepare for Rehab family/pt teaching

 

Swallow eval

PT/OT eval with ADL eval

 

Respiratory complications show up here

 

Cardio BP stable or variable

 

2nd stroke 48-72 hrs after 1st

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