Term
| What is a symptom (not illness) that is a "break with reality" caused by a variety of conditions that affect the functioning of the brain that includes hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
True or false:
schizophrenia is common disorder found mainly in women. |
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Definition
False
Common disorder in approx equal for men and women |
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Term
True or false:
schizophrenia has a 3-8x higher prevalence in low socioeconomic status |
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Definition
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Term
Schizophrenia can be best characterized as:
a) a viral disorder
b) neurodevelopment disorder
c) neurodegenerative disorder
e) immunological disorder |
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Definition
| b) neurodevelopment disorder |
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Term
What is the stage called in the first 10-15 years of life in schizophrenia?
What is the stage in the early teen-early 20s year? |
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Definition
premorbid (they look the same as other kids)
prodromal |
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Term
| Which stage is when a schizophrenic kid are not quite healthy (the weird kid) but they don't have symptoms yet (hallucinations)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What age is it when people 1st get sick with schizophrenia/have full blown hallucinations that cause them to go to the hospital/jail? |
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Definition
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Term
| What age is it when people get better but then have episodes where they get psychotic again and end back up in the hospital? |
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Definition
| late 20s-late 30s (onset/deterioration) |
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Term
| What stage/age do we see schizophrenics that do not have full blown hallucinations, quietly/not very well functioning? |
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Definition
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Term
| *What is the symptom that involves hallucinations and delusions (disorganization-people can't get across what they're saying- and delusion) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the symptom that is a blunted affect, poverty of speech, social isolation (lack of effectiveness expression, no emotional expression, dull face) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the symptom has deficits in executive function, working memory and episodic memory (present in 75-85% of patients) - difficult to write a check, reschedule an appt, complex thinking/communicating |
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Definition
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Term
Which symptoms impair you the least in the long run/has the better prognosis?
positive
negative
cognitive |
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Definition
positive
the more severe negative and cognitive is-the worst your prognosis |
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Term
| What is the most common type of hallucination associated with schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| auditory (hearing voices) |
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Term
| What are the types of hallucinations? |
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Definition
Auditory (most common)
Visual (least common-may be dementia)
Olfactory (look for stroke)
Somatic/tactile (feels like ants - alcohol withdrawal, LSD)
Gustatory (aura-seizure, migraine) |
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Term
True or false:
You can see brain activation in the temporal cortex when a person is experiencing an auditory hallucination. |
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Definition
True
there is a biological substrate, not something that is just going on in your mind |
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Term
| What are the two types of disorganizations in schizophrenia? |
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Definition
Disorganization of Speech (tangential or circumstantial speech, looseness of associations)
Disorganization of Behavior (odd mannerisms, catatonic stupor) - ex: pt thought she lost her soul in the trashcan |
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Term
| What part of the brain is associated with the presence of negative symptoms? |
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Definition
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Term
What is LEAST affected in cognitive symptoms?
executive function
attention
biographical memory
episodic memory
working memory |
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Definition
| biographical memory (patients often don't have impairments in their autobiographical memory - ex: 10 years ago we went to so and so) |
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Term
| What is it when you have psychosis ONLY (primary cognitive disorder without mood disorder) |
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Definition
schizophrenia (most severe)
(major depression disorder is least severe) |
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Term
What is it when you have psychosis and mood symptoms?
What is it when you have psychosis symptoms only present when mood symptoms are present? |
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Definition
schizoaffective disorder
bipolar disorder |
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Term
True or false:
Delusional disorders can only have bizarre illusions. |
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Definition
False
only non-bizarre illusions (bizarre are things that could never happen ex: abducted by alien) |
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Term
| What are the 5 specific types of delusional disorder? |
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Definition
Erotomanic (someone is in love with the patient)
Grandiose (next nobel prize winner)
Jealous (husband is cheating)
Persecutory (someone wants to kill me)
Somatic Type (I have an illness) |
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Term
True or false:
Delusional disorder has no significant mood or negative symptoms |
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Definition
True
(in elderly need to be sure there is no dementia) |
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Term
| What is the disorder is like schizophrenia however the duration is greater than one month, but less than six months |
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Definition
Schizophreniform disorder
schizophrenia must have at least 6 months |
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Term
| What is the disorder that is like schizophrenia but the duration is at least one day, but less than one month |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the disorder that does not meet “Active Phase” criteria for Schizophrenia (not real hallucinations but have magical thinking ex:freak out about breaking a mirror) |
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Definition
| Schizotypal personality disorder |
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Term
Schizophrenia is NOT associated with which other mental condition?
depression
mania
suicidality
substance abuse and dependence
none of the above |
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Definition
mania (can't have mania and schizophrenia - diagnosis would be schizoaffective disorder)
schizophrenic person can have depression when they get sick because they don't have the same life |
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Term
True or false:
schizophrenia is due to genetics only |
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Definition
false
genetics (multiple genes that have to do with brain) and environment |
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Term
What is NOT an environmental factor that can cause schizophrenia?
Winter birth
Crowded population
Expressed emotion
Stressful life events
Low socioeconomic class
Smoking
Limited social network |
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Definition
| Smoking (smoking can actually help?) |
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Term
There is an association between risk of schizophrenia and the use of:
alcohol
cannabis
PCP
cocaine
none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
What is NOT a good prognostic factor?
Good premorbid adjustment
More negative than positive symptoms
Later onset of illness
High IQ
Compliance with treatment |
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Definition
more negative than positive symptoms
(cognitive and negative symptoms are worse than positive) |
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Term
What is NOT an anatomical abnormality of schizophrenia?
Shrinking of lateral ventricles
Smaller than normal total brain volume
Cortical atrophy
Widening of third ventricle
Smaller hippocampus |
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Definition
shrinking of lateral ventricles
enlargement of lateral ventricles is correct (less brain)
-neuronal pruning goes wrong |
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Term
True or false:
Schizophrenia involves cell death and gliosis (replacement of neural tissue by glia) |
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Definition
False
Appears to involve loss of dendrites. Areas of tissue loss are correlated with symptoms |
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Term
Which is a correct statement?
a) current antipsychotic medication therapy helps with the treatment of hallucinations and delusions
b)current antipsychotic medication helps with the treatment of hallucinations, delusions, and blunted effect
c)current antipsychotic medication helps with the treatment of hallucinations, delusions, blunted affect, and cognitive impairments
d) all of the above |
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Definition
a) current antipsychotic medication therapy helps with the treatment of hallucinations and delusions
The available antipsychotic drugs (APD) only treat positive symptoms! |
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Term
| **What type of receptor medication do we use to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| dopamine D2 receptor antagonist |
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Term
What is NOT a side effect antipsychotic medication?
involuntary twitching
dystonia
more emotional expression
increase prolactin levels |
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Definition
more emotional expression
will have less emotional expression (effects mesolimbic tract) |
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Term
| What tract is effected by the antipsychotic med when the patient has motor side effects (involuntary twitching, dystonia, dyskinesia) |
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Definition
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Term
| What tract is effected by the antipsychotic med when the patient has secondary negative symptoms such as less emotional expression? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tract is effected by the antipsychotic med when the patient has increased prolactin levels (messed up glands) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tract that we actually want to target because it is where dopamine neurons communicate with the cortex and where we believe is causing the hallucinations? |
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Definition
| mesocortical tract (unfortunately we don't have meds specific for this tract so a lot of side effects) |
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Term
| What is associated with long term of first generation of antipsychotics? |
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Definition
| tardive dyskinesia (lip smacking) |
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Term
| Why must you check if a person has cardio problems before prescribing a first generation antipsychotic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is different in terms of transmitter system blocking between the first and second generation antipsychotics? |
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Definition
| They work on dopamine D2 receptor and serotonin system |
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Term
| What is the use of second generation antipsychotics associated with? |
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Definition
| Associated with the development of the metabolic syndrome: increase in weight and plasma glucose and lipids (want to be careful about monitoring your patients) |
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Term
| Which generation antipsychotic medicine may be better at alleviating negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 2nd generation antipsychotic is associated with agranulocytosis, seizures? |
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Definition
| clozaril (use as last resort treatment, it works better than all the other meds but must do blood counts weekly) |
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Term
Which pyschosocial treatment works the least?
Education
Hospitalize
Outpatient treatment
Psychoanalysis
Family involvement |
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Definition
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Term
True or false:
Dopamine and Glutamate transmitter abnormalities are involved in schizophrenia |
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Definition
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