Term
| Degeneration of mammillary bodies and medial thalamus due to chronic alcohol abuse and thiamine deficiency |
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Definition
involves the Papez circuit (hippocampus, fonix, mamillary bodies, ant thalamus and cingulate cortex)
- involved in memory and emotion
- confusiona nd memory loss as part of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome |
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Term
| nucleus accumbens controls ____ |
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Definition
| motor behavior driven by appetitive and emotional stimuli - implicated in drug addiction and several psychiatric disorders |
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Definition
inputs to the cortex
- cholinergic neurons important for consolidation of memory related changes in the cortex and is reduced in Alzheimer's |
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Definition
| irritation of the precentral gyrus from a scar, tumor, or epilepsy (motor cortex area 4 and premotor cortex area 6) that sets off a movement pattern in the contralateral body |
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Definition
cortical center mediating motor components of speech
- critical for finding words in the lexicon to identify common objects and format them as spoken word
- may lead to aphasia |
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Term
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Definition
| mamillary body to the ant thalamic nuclei and thalamic tubercle |
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Definition
| from the inferior colliculus to the auditory relay |
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Definition
| from the thalamus to the habenulae - maternal behavior |
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Definition
INPUT: pain, temp, touch, pressure, vibration, conscious proprioception from the face and head
OUTPUT: primary somatosensory of post central gyrus |
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Definition
INPUT: pain, temp, touch, P, vibration, conscious proprioception from extremities, neck, and trunk
OUTPUT: primary somatosensory from poscentral gyrus |
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Term
Insula
- anterior
- middle
- posterior |
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Definition
anterior - taste
middle - visceral sensation
posterior - emotional aspect of pain |
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Term
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Definition
| Input: retinal ganglion cells of contralateral vision |
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Term
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Definition
sexually dimorphic
- sexual behavior and some agression
- activates motivational and motor programs
- evaluate emotional content of external stimuli and generates internal states that drive behavior
- damage - patients fail to recognize fear in the faces of others and emotional states in general |
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Term
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Definition
seizure prone
- vulnerable to anoxia
- bilateral damage - memory impairments that preclude learning of new information; old memories not necessarily affected |
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Definition
lower extremity primary neurons in the dorsal columns/medial lemniscus
- proprioception and discriminatory touch
- ipsilateral |
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Term
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Definition
| contains secondary neurons of dorsal columns and gives rise to internal arcuate fibers that project to the VPL of the thalamus |
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Term
| cuneate fasciculus and nucleus |
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Definition
fasciculus - C1-T6 upper extremity primary neurons of dorsal columns with proprioception and discriminative touch
- ipsilaterall
nucleus - same as gracile nucleus but from C1-T6 |
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Term
| spinal trigeminal tract (STT) |
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Definition
primary sensory from CN V, VII< IX< X to the nucleus to the VTT to the VPM of the thalamus
- pain, temp, and simple touch from the head, face, nasal and oral cavity, and ear |
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Term
| dorsal spinocerebellar tract |
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Definition
UNCROSSED
- info to the cerebellum
- unconscious proprioception of individual muscles and joints |
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Term
| lateral corticospinal tract |
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Definition
| UMN - skilled motor activity of the limbs |
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Term
| ventral spinocerebellar tract |
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Definition
CROSSED
- unconscious proprioception for the WHOLE limbs |
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Term
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Definition
CROSSED, contralateral by the caudal medulla
- simple pain, temp, and touch |
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Term
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Definition
UNCROSSED at the pyramids in the caudal medulla
- motor |
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Term
| lateral vestibulospinal tract |
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Definition
from ipsilateral vestibular nuclei
- controls extensor tone |
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Term
| ventral corticospinal tract |
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Definition
UNCROSSED
- controls axial muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| coordinate head and eye movements |
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Term
| MLF (medial longitudinal fasciculus) |
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Definition
| coordinate eye movement connection nuclei of CN III, IV, VI |
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Term
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Definition
| motor to the SCM and trapezius muscle with CN XI |
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Term
| superior cerebellar peduncle |
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Definition
| connects pons to midbrain and contains the ventral spinocerebellar tract (afferent) |
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Term
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Definition
origin of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract
C8-L3-L4 |
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Term
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Definition
ventrolateral motor group
- sexually dimorphic
pineal |
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Term
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Definition
| visual input from retina and auditory from inf. colliculus - audiovisual reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
| BILATERAL input from cortex. CONTRALATERAL input from cerebellum influencing flexor muscles and projects to the spinal cord and inf. olive |
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Term
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Definition
| GVE preganglioninc parasympathetic to the ciliary ganglia |
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Definition
| auditory relay from lateral lemniscus prkecting to the medial geniculate body |
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Term
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Definition
| through sup cerebellar peduncle to the contralateral red nucleus, VPL of thalamus, and inf olivary nuclei |
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Term
| trigeminal mesencephalic nuc and tract |
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Definition
| proprioception of muscles of mastication |
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Term
| principal sensory nucle of CN V |
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Definition
| touch, pressure from head, neck and face |
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Term
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Definition
| motor ot muscles of mastication |
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Term
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Definition
auditory relay nucleus from the cochlear nerve
- contributes to lateral lemniscus |
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Term
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Definition
pontine auditory path
- contralateral cochelar input |
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Term
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Definition
| input from spinal trigeminal nucleus for the corneal reflex and from the corticobulbar fibers for the bilateral upper face and contralateral lower face |
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Term
| nucleus tractus solitarius |
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Definition
primary neurons from CN VII, IX, X
secondary neurons to pons and VPM of thalamus to the insula
- CN IX, X - visceral afferent from larynx, pharynx, thorax and abdomen
- CN VII, IX, X - gustatory afferent for taste |
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Term
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Definition
bilateral fibers, CN XII
voluntary tongue muscle and response to oral, lingual and pharyngeal stimuli |
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Term
| dorsal motor nucleus of vagus |
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Definition
| visceral afferent ending in the thoracis and abdominal viscera |
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Term
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Definition
efferent innervation to the heart, m of the palate, larynx and pharynx
CN X, XI |
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Definition
bleeding in extradural space, space occupying, form slowly at first and rapidly when the dura is stipped until the suture lines
- can cause uncal herniation and compress the midbrain
lens like appearance on scans |
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Term
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Definition
in subdural space when bridging veins are torn in trauma
- found near vertex or temporal region
- form slowly since it is usually venous and can spread widely
- signs include vomitting and headache |
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Definition
bleeds into subarachnoid space following stroke or leakage of blood form aneurysm
- pools in basal cistern and gives star shape on CT |
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Term
| supply of anterior choroidal artery |
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Definition
| basal ganglia, internal capsule, amygdala, hippocampus, choroid plexus of lateral ventricles |
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Term
| anterior communicating artery (ACA) |
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Definition
| medial aspect of each cerebral hemisphere, |
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Term
| middle cereberal artery (MCA) |
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Definition
| wedge shape infarction, lateral sides of cerebral hemispheres including frontal and parietal lobes and superolateral surface of temporal lobe, also the occipital pole |
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Term
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Definition
| caudate nucleus and internal capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| thalamus, inferior surface of temporal and occipital lobes and medial surface of occipital lobes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
paramedian branches:
AICA
labyrinthine arteries
Sup cerebellar |
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Definition
AICA - anterior inferior cerebellar surface, pons, and rostral medulla
labbrinthine - supply inner ear
Sup cerebellar - sup cerebellar surface, pons, midbrain, pineal |
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Term
| interomediolateral cell column - lateral horn |
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Definition
| preganglionic sympathetic to midthoracic |
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Term
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Definition
| input from Lissauers tract with info related to pain and temp |
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Term
| medullary reticular formation - |
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Definition
| respiration, blood presure, and sterotryped oro-facial movements and swallowing |
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