Term
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Definition
Sympathomimetics
-Amphetamines
-Phentermine |
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Term
|
Definition
Methylphenidate (preferred)
Dextroamphetamine
Amphetamine |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Anorexiant drugs: indication |
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Definition
| Increase likelihood of achieving/maintaining weight loss for short-term use in patients who are at risk because of their weight |
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Term
| Amphetamine: physiologic effects (3) |
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Definition
Appetite depressant (lateral hypothal)
Pyshostimulant
-Mood elevation
-Increased wakefulness/alertness/concentration
-Increased physical performance
Increased energy expenditure (physical activity and peripheral adrenergicR stimulation) |
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Term
| Amphetamine, methylphenidate: MOA |
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Definition
Indirect-acting sympathomimetics
-Release catecholamines from intraneuronal stores (NE, DA)
-Block catecholamine reuptake |
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Term
|
Definition
Increased systolic and diastolic BP
Tachycardia
Sudden death in patients with pre-existing cardiac issues |
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Term
| Amphetamine: acute toxicity signs/symptoms (5) |
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Definition
Marked CNS stimulation
Paranoid psychosis
Hypertensive crisis, tachycardia, arrhythmias
Hyperthermia
Convulsions, coma
Pupillary dilation responsive to light |
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Term
| Amphetamine: chronic toxicity signs/symptoms (2) |
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Definition
Marked tolerance leading to physiological and psychological dependence
Amphetamine psychosis
-Hallucinations
-Delusions of persecution
-Feelings of omnipotence |
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Term
| Amphetamine, methylphenidate: withdrawal syndrome (4) |
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Definition
Fatigue, prolonged sleep
Apathy
Profound, long-lasting depression (suicide is possible!)
Confusion, memory loss, delusions can remain for months |
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Term
| Why would you use phentermine over amphetamine? |
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Definition
| Phentermine has the same MOA as amphetamine but has lower abuse potential |
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Term
|
Definition
| Short-term treatment of obesity |
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Term
Excessive motor activity, "is into everything"
Difficulty paying attention, listening
Doesn't respond to normal praise/punishment
Aggressive
"Can't play alone" |
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Definition
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Term
Short attention span, restless, distractable
Poor impulse control
Aggression
Poor socialization and peer relations
Learning disability, academic underachievement
Low self-esteem and frustration tolerance |
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Definition
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Term
Short attention span, distractable
Really poor impulse control leading to substance abuse, alcoholism, and recklessness
Aggression
Poor socialization and peer relations
Learning disability, academic underachievement
School adjustment problems
Low self-esteem and frustration tolerance |
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Definition
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Term
Short attention span, restless
Quick/excessive temper, mood abnormalities
Poor impulse control
Poor organization, unable to complete tasks
Low stress tolerance |
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Definition
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Term
| Methylphenidate: physiologic effect |
|
Definition
Psychomotor stimulant (paradoxical)
-Increase persistence, attentiveness, and concentration
-Decrease excessive motor activity |
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Term
| Why would you use dextroamphetamine over amphetamine? |
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Definition
d-amphetamine covalently bonded to lysine
Less potential for abuse, diversion, or OD |
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Term
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Definition
| Selective NE reuptake inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
Headache
Palpitations
Insomnia
Urinary retention (adults)
Aggression, irritability (kids)
Suicidal thoughts (kids and teens)
Don't give with MAOIs!!! |
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Term
| What often accompanies narcolepsy? (3) |
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Definition
Hallucinations
Cataplexy: sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by sudden emotino
Sleep paralysis |
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Term
| Why do amphetamines not work so great for narcolepsy? (3) |
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Definition
Risk of abuse
Development of tolerance
May disturb normal sleep |
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Term
| Why would you choose modafinil over amphetamine? |
|
Definition
Modafinil is an amphetamine substitute
Fewer S/E |
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Term
|
Definition
Headache
Nausea
Nervousness, anxiety
Insomnia
Rare: increased BP, tachycardia |
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Term
| Pathological neonatal apnea is apnea > ___ or less than that but is accompanied by ___ or ___ that's due to ___ caused by ___. This resolves as the brain matures. |
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Definition
>20s
Bradycardia or oxygen desaturation
Abnormal breathing control
Immature brainstem |
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibit PDE, which increases cAMP
Directly affect intracellular Ca concentration
Antagonize adenosineR |
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Term
| Methylxanthines: physiologic effects (7) |
|
Definition
Stimulate contraction of skeletal/diaphragmatic muscle
Stimulate cardiac muscle
Stimulate CNS
Stimulate central respiratory drive centers
Increase ventilatory center's sensitivity to CO2
Relax smooth muscle (esp. bronchial)
Act on kidney as a diuretic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Caffeine is preferred over theophylline to treat neonatal apnea because the former has ___ and ___ dosing schedules |
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Definition
| Simpler and more predictable |
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Term
|
Definition
Rapid infusion can cause severe toxicity and sudden death
-Headache
-Tachycardia
-Severe restlessness
-n/v
-Ab pain
-Focal and generalized seizures |
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Term
|
Definition
Releases DA, NE, 5HT in different areas of the brain
Not used for ADD/ADHD |
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