Term
| What are the mechanisms of Each of the HIV Drugs |
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Definition
Enfuvirtide: Fusion Inhibitor
Miraviroc: CCR5 Inhibition
Raltegravir: Integrase inhibitor
Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Emtricitabine, Abacavir: (NRTI) 2,3-dideoxyanalogs phosphorylated to triphosphates-Block active site
Tenofovir: Nucleotide analog
Efavirenz, Delavirdine, Nevirapine: Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors
Ritonavir, Lopinavir, Amprenavir: inhibits through dipeptide region of aspirtate Protease |
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Term
| Adverse effects of Maraviroc |
|
Definition
Heart Attack
URI
Hepatotoxic
P450
|
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Term
| Adverse Effects fo Enfuvirtide |
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Definition
Bacterial Pneumonia
Injection only(site rxn) |
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Term
| What factors affect the absorption of Raltegravir |
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Definition
| Rifampin and divalent cations reduce absorption |
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Term
| What are the general adverse effects of NRTI's |
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Definition
Need Renal function
Gamma-Polymerase Block in Mito
Lactic Acidosis
Lipid Dystrophy
Peripheral neuropathy
Myopathy: Fatigue, prox weakness, myalgia
Dialated Cardiomyopathy
Liver Steatosis
Pancreatitis |
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Term
| What are adverse effects specific to zidovudine |
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Definition
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Term
| What are adverse effects specific to Abacavir |
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Definition
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Term
| What are adverse effects specific to Efavirenz |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the site effects common to NNRTI's |
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Definition
Rash(Steven-Johnson)
Hepatitis(Nevirapine)(At drug onset)
P450 Induction |
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Term
| What are the general side effects of the protease inhibitors |
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Definition
GI: Nausea, vomit, diarrhea
Hyperglycemia: Insulin resistance
Lipodystrophy: central obesity, cushingoid
Hyperlipidemia: (Ritonavir is worst)
Osetonecrosis, Osteopenia, Osteoporosis
Hepatotoxicity(At any time)
Inhibit P450 |
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Term
| What is protease inhibitor boosting |
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Definition
*Ritonavir is use in concert with another Protease inhibitor to inhannce efficacy
Use of Ritonavir decreases the metabolism of certain protease inhibitors(Amprenavir) and increases the absorption of others by blocking p-GP in the intestine(Lopinavir) |
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Term
| What are the preferred drug regimens for HIV patients? |
|
Definition
NNRTI based: Either/or
Efavirenz w/ Tenofovir/Emtricitabine or
Efavirenz w/ Zidovudine/Lamivudine
PI based: Either/or
Lopinavir/Ritonavir w/ Tenofovir/Emtricitabine Lopinavir/Ritonavir w/ Zidovudine/Lamivudine |
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Term
| What ART drugs for HIV should not be used in combination |
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Definition
Stavudine and Zidovudine(Kinase competition)
Zalcitabine and Didanosine(Peripheral Neuropathy additive)
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