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Details

Neuro/Psych-Pharm
Sedatives and Hypotics
10
Pharmacology
Graduate
01/19/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the barbiturates used as hypnotics and what are their Duration and Rate of onset
Definition

Phenobarbital: 6-12, 20 minutes

Pentobarbital: 4-6, few minutes

Amobarbital: 4-6, few minutes

Secobarbitol: 2-4, few minutes

Term
What is Thiopental used for and what is its duration and Rate of Onset
Definition

Induction before General anesthesia

15-30 minutes, seconds(onset)

Term
What is the mechanism of Action of Benzodiazepines, barbiturates and Non-barbiturate sedatives?
Definition

All increase the chloride flux through GABAnergic recepttors in the brain

Barbiturates increase duration of channel opening

Benzos and Newer Non-Barbiturates increase frequency of channel opening

Term
What are the adverse effects of barbiturates
Definition

CNS depression

REM Reduction

Dependance, Abuse

Tolerance

P450 Inducer

Toxicity: Amnesia->overdose with inhibited respiratory reflex->death

Term

What are the benzodiazepines used as hypnotics?

What is their duration of action?

Which has the most rebound insomnia?

Which is a prodrug?

Definition

Flurazepam: Long, Prodrug

Temazepam: Intermeadiate

Triazolam: Short(short-acting have most rebound insomnia)

Term
What are the newer non-barbiturate hypnotics and what is their major adverse effects
Definition

Chloral hydrate

Zolipidem(Ambien)

Zaleplon(Sonata)

Eszopiclone(Lunesta)

Adverse:

Hallucinations and Delusions

Eszopiclone: Anti-cholinergic

Term
What are the advantages to benzodiazepine use to barbiturates as hypnotics?
Definition

Less respiratory depression

Less dependancy

6-8 weeks before tolerance

Less REM reduction

No P450 induction

Term
What are the uses of Zolpidem?
Definition

Hypnotic

Muscle Relaxant

Anti-convulsant

Term
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Zaleplon?
Definition
No tolerance, but only 1 hour duration
Term
How is Choral hydrate Metabolized
Definition
Prodrug metabolized to trichloroethanol by Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
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