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Neuro/Psych-Path
Introduction to Neuropathology
26
Pathology
Graduate
01/03/2011

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the likely site of metastasis for carcinoma to the brain
Definition
Gray White Junction
Term
What are the primary cell lines affected by ALS and MS
Definition

ALS-Anterior Horn Cells

MS-Oligodendrocytes

Term
Why is it difficult for the body to drain edema from the brain
Definition
no lymphatics
Term
What are the stages of Chromatolysis(Cell bodies response to axonal injury)
Definition

Cell Body Swelling

Nuclear Eccentricity

Dispersed Nissl Bodies

Neuronal Death or Recovery

Term
What is wallian degeneration?
Definition
Axon degeneration distal to the lesion with macrophage ingestion
Term
What is the morphological change seen in neurons responding to hypoxic damage
Definition

Cytoplasm becomes hypereosinophilic

Nucleus will show Karyorrhexis and Karyolysis

Term
What is transynaptic degeneration
Definition
Loss of all or most presynaptic imput to a neuron resulting in cell body shrinkage or degeneration
Term
What stain can be used to visualize astrocyte processes?
Definition
GFAP
Term
What is a Gemistocytic Astrocyte
Definition
Reactive Astrocyte with Large nuclei and eosinophilia
Term
What are Rosenthal fibers?
Definition
Chronic reactive astrocytic processes with eosinophilia
Term
What is corpora Amylacea
Definition

Enlaged astrocytic Processes with glucose polymer accumulation

Normal process of aging

Term
What are Alheimer Type II Astrocytes
Definition
Astrocyte with large comma shaped nuclei usually seen in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Term
What is Satelitosis and is it pathological
Definition
Normal Oligodendrocyte clustering around neuronal cell bodies
Term
What is the ependymal response to injury and when is it typically seen
Definition

Granular Ependymitis

Meningitis or encephalitis

Term
What are gitter cells
Definition
Macrophage transformation of microglia usually with lipofusion accumulation(Foamy)
Term
What are the mechanisms of cerebral edema, their likely cause, and possible treatment
Definition

Vasogenic: Direct Blood-Brain Barrier damage causing increase capillary permeability

Cause: Tumors and Abcesses

Tx: Steroid Therapy

Cytotoxic: Metabolic damage of neurons and glia with electrolyte imbalance

Cause: Infarctions,

Tx: No treatment

Term
Subfalcine Herniation and complications
Definition

Cingulate gyrus protrusion across midline under falx

Complications: May infarct anterior Cerebral artery

Term
What is Transtentorial Herniation and its Complications
Definition

Displaced medial temporal lobe between brainstem and tentorium

Complications: Compressed 3rd Cranial Nerve, Kernohan's Notch-displaced midbrain with contralateral cerebral peduncle compression causing ipsilateral hemiparesis to the primary lesion

Term
What is a Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation and its complications
Definition

Rostrocaudal displacemnt of posterior fossa

Complications:

Death from medullary compression

Duret hemorrhages in midbrain and pons from ruptured penetrating arteries of the brainstem

Term
What are the causes of Hydrocephalus and the treatment
Definition

Non-Commuticating: Obstruction in the ventricular system

Communicating: Obstruction outside the ventricular system impairing ventricular drainage

Hydrocephalus ex Vacuo: Loss of Cerebral tissue

CSF Overproduction from a Choroid Plexus tumor

Treatment: Shunting

Term
Encephalocele
Definition
Protusion of brain through skull defect
Term
Holoprosencephaly
Definition
Failure of forebrain to separate into 2 hemispheres
Term
Arnold-Chiari Malformation
Definition
Downward displaced Cerebellar tonsil through foramen magnum
Term
Dandy-Walker Malformation
Definition
Agenesis of Cerebellar Vermis and englarged posterior fossa with dialation of fouth ventrical filling the space
Term
Syringomelia and Hydromelia
Definition

Syringomelia: Cyst or cavity formed in spinal cord

Hydromelia: Dialated central canal with fluid accumulation

Term
Pathological features of Cerebral Edema
Definition

Gross

Flattened Gyri

Gray-White Margin Blurring

Micro

Poor Staining

Nuclear Halos

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