Term
|
Definition
| “down and out” pupil, external strabismus, and diplopia when looking toward the lesioned side |
|
|
Term
| Bilateral Amygdala lesion |
|
Definition
"kluver Bucy"
hyperphagia (orality)
hypersexuality
disinhibited behavior
HSV-1 association
anterograde amnesia
NO aggression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deficits in:
concentraion, orientation, judgement
increased primitive reflexes |
|
|
Term
| Dominant Parietal lobe lesion |
|
Definition
Spacial Neglect syndrome
agnosia of contralateral side of world |
|
|
Term
| Reticular Activating system lesion (midbrain) |
|
Definition
reduced wakefulness and arousal (coma)
scale is 3-15 3 being the most comatose 15 being full arousal |
|
|
Term
| Mammilary Bodies bilateral lesion |
|
Definition
WErnicke Korsakoff syndrome (mamillary destruction due to thiamine deficiency)
Wernicke=confusion, ophthalmoplegia ataxia
Korsakoff=memory loss, confabulation, personality changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tremor at rest, chorea or athetosis |
|
|
Term
| Frontal Eye fields lesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paramedian Pontine reticular formation (PPRF) lesion |
|
Definition
| Eyes look away from side of lesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Subthalamic Nucleus lesion |
|
Definition
| contralateral hemiballismus |
|
|
Term
| Cerebellar Hemisphere lesion |
|
Definition
Intention tremor. limb ataxia,
ipsilateral deficits-fall TOWARDS side of lesion (eg cerebellum-> SCP-> contralateral cortex-> corticospinal decussation= 2x contralteral-ipsilateral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Truncal ataxia, dysarthria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tongue will deviate towards side of lesion |
|
|
Term
| Medial Somatosensory cortex eg ACA stroke |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Somatosensory cortex eg MCA Stroke |
|
Definition
| Head Neck Deficits + upper limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bell's Palsy-Ipsilateral flaccid paralysis of muscles of upper and lower face |
|
|
Term
| Broca's Aphasia (frontal lobe) |
|
Definition
Nonfluent aphasia with intact comprehension
Inferior Frontal Gyrus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluent Aphasia with impaired comprehension
Superior Temporal Gyrus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nonfluent Aphasia with impaired comprehension
Both BRoca's and Wernicke's areas affected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Poor Repetition but fluent speech and intact comprehension -damage to arcuate fasciculus
Arcuate Fasciculus is the connection between Brocas and Wernickes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contralateral paresis of lower facial muscles of expression only (upper face is spared, e.g., can wrinkle forehead) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Crocodile tears-lacrimation while eating
Hyperaucusis-loss of tone in stapedius muscle
ageusia in anterior 2/3 of tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lesion causes loss of afferent limb of gag reflex and loss of taste and general sensation from posterior third of tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shows deviation of Uvula to opposite side of lesion |
|
|
Term
| Unilateral and bilateral lesions of CN XI |
|
Definition
- unilateral lesion of CN XI → ↓ ability to turn head to opposite side of injured nerve.
- bilateral lesion of CN XI → ↓ ability to look straight down by tilting chin toward chest. |
|
|
Term
| Risk Factors for Berry Aneurysm |
|
Definition
| ADPKD, Ehler Dahlos, Marfan's, old age, HTN, smoking, blacks>whites |
|
|
Term
| Most Common site for Berry Aneurysm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stroke- Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Lesion Area |
|
Definition
| Lesion Area: Motor and Sensory Cortices- upper limb and face, Wernicke's and Brocas area |
|
|
Term
| Stroke- Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)- Symptoms |
|
Definition
Contralateral Paralysis and loss of sensation to upper limb and face
hemineglect if lesion affects non dominant side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lesion of CN IV → paralysis of superior oblique → pupil points up and in (superomedially).
Also causes extorsion (top of eye moves laterally), which leads to two things:
1) Vertical diplopia which is worse with downward gaze
2) Compensatory head tilting (tilt chin toward affected side, or equivalently, tilt top of head away from affected side) |
|
|
Term
| Stroke ACA- Area of Lesion |
|
Definition
| Motor and Sensory Cortices-Lower Limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contralateral paralysis and loss of sensation in the lower limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supplies the Striatum and the Internal Capsule |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Striate Artery Stroke Symptoms |
|
Definition
contralateral Hemiparesis (one sided weakness), hemiplegia (one sided paralysis)
Commonly due to lacunar infarcts 2' to uncontrolled HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
V1, V2 and V3 provide sensory innervation to the face and oral/nasal mucosa—lesion → hemianesthesia
V3 lesion-flaccid paralysis of muscles of mastication → jaw deviates toward the lesioned side due to the unopposed action of the intact contralateral lateral pterygoid muscle.
V1 lesion-loss of corneal reflex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lateral Corticispinal Tract
Medial Lemniscus
Caudal Medulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contralateral hemiparesis-lower limb
decreased contralteral proprioception
Ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction-tongue deviates towards lesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LAteral Medulla-vestibular nuclei, lateral spinothalamic tract, spinal trigeminal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, symp fibers.
Inferior cerebellar peduncle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus
Ipsilateral Horners (ptosis, anhydrosis, miosis)
Ipsilateral cerebellar-Ataxia Dysmetria, dysphagia, hoarseness, decreased gag relfex
Ipsilalateral loss of pain and Temp from face
Contralateral loss of pain and temp from body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hoarseness, dysphagia, decreased gag reflex are unique to PICA Stroke. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lateral Pons-vestibular nuclei, facial nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, cochlear nucleus, sympathetic fibers,
Middle and Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vomiting Vertigo Nystagmus
Ipsilateral Facial Paralysis
Ipsilateral loss of lacrimation, ant 2/3 tongue taste, corneal reflex,
Ipsilateral loss of pain and temp from the face
ipsilateral horners syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Facial nucleus effects are specific to AICA Strokes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occipital Cortex
Visual Cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contralateral Hemianopsia with macular sparing |
|
|
Term
| Central Pontine Myelinolysis |
|
Definition
Caused by rapid correction of hyponatremia
-acute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, loss of conciousness. |
|
|
Term
| Dorsal Column carries what info |
|
Definition
| Light touch, vibration, proprioception. |
|
|
Term
| Dorsal Column tract course |
|
Definition
travels ipsilaterally and synapses in ipsilateral cuneatus or gracilis
decussates in the medulla ascends contralaterally in medial lemniscus
synapses in VPL of contralateral thalamus and goes to contralateral sensory cortex |
|
|
Term
| Spinothalamic Tract information |
|
Definition
| ascending pain and tempurature |
|
|
Term
| Spinothalamic tract course |
|
Definition
travels up ipsilaterally 2-3 spinal segments and then decussates and ascends contralaterally-
synapses at VPL of thalamus and goes to contralateral sensory cortex |
|
|
Term
| Lateral corticospinal Tract |
|
Definition
| Descending voluntary movement of contralateral limbs |
|
|
Term
| Laeral Corticospinal course |
|
Definition
| leaves motor cortex and goes ipsilaterally to caudal medulla and decussates (pyramidal decussation) descends contralaterally to neuromuscular junction |
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