Term
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Definition
| Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata |
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Term
| fourth ventricle, Cerebellum |
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Definition
| These are located behind the Pons |
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Term
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Definition
| This portion of the brainstem is continued in the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| This portion of the brainstem is located below the Thalamus |
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Term
| Tegmentum and tectum ("roof") |
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Definition
| two major segments of the Midbrain |
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Term
| the tegmentum and tectum (segments of the midbrain) |
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Definition
| the cerebral aqueduct, which connects the third and fourth ventricle, is located in between these |
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Term
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Definition
| last major portion of the brain; contains centers for regulating phsysiological processes (e.g. respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, and wake-sleep cycles) |
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Term
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Definition
| uppermost region of the brainstem; located at junction of cerebellum and pons |
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Term
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Definition
| relay station for motor and sensory messages between parts of the brain and spinal cord; controls various unconscious motor responses; area of brain where many pathways are crossing up and down |
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Term
| functions of the brainstem |
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Definition
1. Conduit function 2. Cranial Nerve function (most important): nuclei on different cranial nerves situated at the level of the brainstem, origin of different cranial nerves 3. Integrative function |
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Term
| Cerebral Peduncles, Bulging Pontine Nuclei, Pyramids, Inferior Olive |
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Definition
| particular landmarks which identify each of the three areas in the brainstem |
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Term
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Definition
| major area in the midbrain containing pathways up and down |
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Term
| Bulging Pontine Nuclei (P) |
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Definition
| diversity of nuclei for different cranial nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| where the pyramidal system is going to be crossing from the right to the left and from the left to the right |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3rd (Oculomotor) and 4th (Trochlear) cranial nerves |
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Definition
| these two cranial nerves are located at the level of the medulla; both are involved in controlling eye movements |
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Term
| the fifth (trigeminal) and sixth (abducens) cranial nerves |
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Definition
| these two cranial nerves are located at the level of the pons |
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Term
| Cranial nerve VI: Abducens |
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Definition
| this cranial nerve is located in the lower part of the pons; also related to eye movements |
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Term
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Definition
| coming from frontal lobe and is going to be decussating, crossing over to the contralateral side at the level of the pyramids; crossed around 90% of the time and direct 10% of the time, so mostly crossed but not totally crossed (is crossed at the level of the medulla in an area known as the pyramids) |
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Term
| different nuclei in the midbrain |
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Definition
- subtantia nigra which is located within the basal ganglia system
- Red Nucleus which participates in motor activity Cerebral Aqueduct
- Superior Colliculus involved in visual functioning Reticular Formation associated with activation or arousal
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to nerves which emerge from segements of the spinal cord; the nerves from the third onward arise from the brainstem (so the first and second do not have their origin in the brainstem, third through twelfth do) |
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Term
| the tenth (vagus) and eleventh (accessory) cranial nerves |
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Definition
all cranial nerves primarily serve as the motor and sensory systems of the head and neck region except for these two |
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Term
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Definition
| separated to acheive segmental innervation |
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Term
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Definition
| divided to serve one or few specific functions in wider anatomical territories |
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Term
| cranial nerve 1 (olfactory) and 2 (Optic) |
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Definition
| all cranial nerves except for these two belong to the peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| cranial nerve 1 (olfactory) and 2 (optic) |
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Definition
these two cranial nerves are named as such but are technically not nerves and are continuations of the central nervous sytem |
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