Term
| Muscle spindle is a sensory organ of |
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Definition
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Term
| Annulospiral endings are peripheral endings of what type of fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stimulated by the reticulospinal pathway |
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Definition
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Term
| alpha motor neuron synonyms |
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Definition
ventral horn motorneuron
lower motorneuron |
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Term
| Creates the inverse stretch reflex? |
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Definition
| Golgi tendon organs. They prevent muscle injury by "giving in" to its load. |
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Term
| Regular, rhythmic, contraction when subjected to sudden maintained stretch. |
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Definition
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Term
| interneurons coordinate this in response to nociceptive stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
| Term given to certain reflexes, like the withdrawal reflex, that preempt other reflex activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| All motor neurons in spinal cord and brain stem that directly innervate skeletal muscles? |
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Definition
| The final common path or alpha motor neuron |
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Term
| term given when neurons are diseased and fire when they shouldnt? |
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Definition
| fasciculations (visible muscle twitches of motor units) |
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Term
| This reflex is normally inhibited by the cortical spinal tracts, but present if tracts are damaged? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many cortical areas are involved in voluntary movement? |
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Definition
4
Primary motor cortex
supplementary motor cortex (coordination of complex movement)
Premotor Cortex (Athletic postures)
Posterior parietal cortex (necessary for learning) |
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Term
| Homunculus is grossly out of proportion bc? |
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Definition
| smaller appendages (hands and lips) require more motor units! |
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Term
| In the homunculus, axial musculature and proximal muscles are represented _____ of the precentral gyrus and distal muscles are represented _____? |
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Definition
| Anteriorly and Posteriorly |
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Term
| Plasticity is a special feature of? |
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Definition
| m1 (primary motor cortex) |
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Term
| Only place where two motor pathways come close to eachother. Wipe this out and wipe out all movement |
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Definition
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Term
| cortical spinal tracts decussate in the? |
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Definition
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Term
| Biggest Deficit if these tracts are lesioned occurs with fine, skilled movements? |
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Definition
| lateral cortical spinal tracts |
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Term
| Three medial posture regulating tracts? |
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Definition
tectospinal
reticulospinal
vestibulospinal
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Term
| These medial tracts receive the most sensory stimulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| These tracts ensure that you dont just fall over? |
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Definition
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Term
| Term when nothing above the Pons is connected to spinal cord below. A supratentorial lesion where the midbrain is not communicating with the lower brainstem? |
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Definition
| Decerebrate rigidity - A caricature of normal standing position |
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Term
| This is caused by lesions of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| Decorticate rigidity. Hypothalamus is still in tact therefore so are homestatic reflexes (regulate temp, etc) |
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Term
| Tonic reflexes integrated in medulla are still in tact with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common posturing seen after stroke? |
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Definition
| decorticate. "The fancier the reflex, the higher the level of the brain at which the lesion occurred). Decorticate individuals are easier to maintain than decerebrate |
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Term
| Causes planning and programming of movement? Diseases of this cause hyper and hypokinetic disorders (parkinsons, hungtingtons) |
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Definition
| basal nuclei. bc they are dopamineric. |
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Term
| Has the most of amount of afferent pathways going to it. Most of which never go to our consciousness? |
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Definition
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Term
| phylogenetically, this is the oldest portion of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| vestibulocerebullum. concerned with equilibrium. motion sickness. |
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Term
| receives descending pathways for motor execution. Gives the brain the "motor plan" |
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Definition
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Term
| phylogentically the newest portion of cerebellum. interacts with motor cortex to plan and program movements. |
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Definition
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Term
| A collection of nuclei in the diancephalon? All information to cortex is processed here first? Generates discrete patterns of brain electrical activity that correlate to different behavior states (sleep vs wake) |
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Definition
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Term
| organized into six horizontal layers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Through these most of the reticular influence reaches the cortex? Receive input from RAS and activates RAS? |
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Definition
| Nonspecific projection fibers |
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Term
| This complex system is polysynaptic? |
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Definition
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Term
| RAS attenuates activity of this so that we can "tune in and drop out" |
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Definition
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Term
| When the Ascending pathways of the RAS are no longer intact you are in a? |
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Definition
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Term
| EEG is possible because it records the interaction b/w these two brain regions? |
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Definition
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Term
| This happens every 90 minutes for 20 minutes and happens less frequently as we age? |
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Definition
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Term
| This gland secretes melatonin? |
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Definition
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Term
| These are crucial to drive-related activities and are central to preservation of individuals and their species. |
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Definition
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Term
| Phylogenetically the oldest part of the cerebral cortex? Ancient telencephalic structures? Primarily for olfaction in lower vertebrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| This completes the great loop through diancephalon and telencephalon. Could also be the culprit behind perseverating thoughts and grief |
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Definition
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Term
| Deals a great deal with fear and anxiety? Connects with hypothalamus? Very important for emotional response, if removed we do respond to fear correctly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pleasant and Unpleasant affects are extremely important in the formation of? |
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Definition
| conditioned reflexes. Something emotional must take place in the learning process or you wont learn. very important in implicit memory |
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Term
| This mechanism is thought to be caused by a disconnect b/w memory storage system and cognitive mediational system that aids in retrieval of memory |
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Definition
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Term
| IS associated with the ability to store contemporary representations of the outside world |
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Definition
| Working memory - prefrontal explicit memory - Dopamine is most important for this to work. |
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Term
| Syndrome caused by damage of the mammillary bodies? |
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Definition
| Korsakoffs syndrome - loss of recent memory |
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Term
| Encoding and consolidation of memory occurs here? So that new memories can become long term memories. |
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Definition
| hippocampus. in temporal lobes. Stimulation of temporal lobes causes deja vu |
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Term
| Emotion is important in the formation of? |
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Definition
| explicit memory. limbic components at work here. |
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Term
| connections of hippocampus with diencepthalon are required for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Formation of memories requires? |
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Definition
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